17 Anxiolytics & Hypnotics Flashcards

1
Q

Thiopental

A

超短效 Barbiturates, 外科手術前的誘導

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2
Q

Secobarbital

A

短效 Barbiturates, 少用

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3
Q

Pentobarbital

A

短效 Barbiturates, 少用

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4
Q

Phenobarbital

A

長效 Barbiturates, 治療大發作癲癇

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5
Q

Triazolam

A

最短效 BZD,安眠,但易產生反彈性失眠

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6
Q

Midazolam

A

短效 BZD,術前、氣管插管前鎮定劑

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7
Q

Alprazolam

A

中效 BZD,治療恐慌症、焦慮

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8
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

中效 BZD,治療恐慌症、焦慮、維持睡眠(治療睡到一半會醒來的人)

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9
Q

Flunitrazepam

A

中效 BZD,治療恐慌症、焦慮

有 Antegrade amnesia ➡️ 性侵藥

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10
Q

Diazepam

A

長效 BZD,治療癲癇,白天精神差

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11
Q

Flurazepam

A

長效 BZD,治療癲癇,白天精神差

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12
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

長效 BZD,治療癲癇,白天精神差

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13
Q

Zolpidem

A

Non-BZD, 短效,用於快速誘導入眠

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14
Q

Zopiclone

A

Non-BZD, 短效,用於快速誘導入眠

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15
Q

Buspirone

A

5-HT1A partial agonist

治療恐慌症,一到兩週才有效,較無濫用疑慮、不會造成中樞神經抑制、肌肉鬆弛

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16
Q

Baclofen

A

中樞作用的肌肉鬆弛劑,

促進 GABA-B receptor,藉由 G protein 減少 Ca channel 通透性、增加 K channel 通透性,造成肌肉鬆弛效果

17
Q

Ramelteon

A

Melatonin receptor agonist
MT1 & MT2
治療入睡困難型失眠

18
Q

解焦慮

A

BZD: 快速有效但會 Sedation, Addiction
Buspirone: Slow onset 但無成癮性

19
Q

鎮靜

A

Midazolam (BZD)

20
Q

安眠

A

Zolpidem (Non-BZD)、Ramelteon (MT agonist) : 助入睡

Lorazepam (中效BZD) : 維持睡眠

21
Q

解痙攣

A

Diazepam (BZD)

Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)

22
Q

麻醉

A

Thiopental (Barbiturates)