12 General anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrous oxide (N2O) 笑氣

A

血中溶解度差➡️Induction time 短、易有 Diffusion hypoxia
Potency 低,止痛效果差
沒有心血管副作用
N2O pockets

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2
Q

Halothane, Desflurane, Sevoflurane

A
都有止痛效果
【Induction time】
Desflurane > Sevoflurane > Halothane
【Potency】
Halothane > Sevoflurane > Desflurane
【代謝】
Halothane 肝腎毒性最強;Desflurane 幾乎沒有肝腎毒性
【副作用】
Halothane 會造成惡性高熱,RyR receptor 有關,解毒劑為 Dantrolene,Halothane 與 Succinylcholine 併用更易導致惡性高熱
Desfrulane 會稍微造成咳嗽與痰分泌
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3
Q

Barbiturates

A

GABAa receptor agonist
安眠藥,不止痛
禁忌症:紫質症、休克(因會抑制呼吸)

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4
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbiturates, 不常用了

有明顯 redistribution 到脂肪組織➡️slow recovery

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5
Q

Methohexital

A

最常用的 Barbiturates

會打嗝

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

GABAa receptor allosteric agonist (binding at Benzodiazepines binding site instead of GABA binding site)
副作用:記憶喪失、抑制呼吸
解藥:Flumazenil
藥物:Diazepam, Midazolam

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7
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA blocker
產生 Dissociative anesthesia
真的可以止痛
副作用:Nightmare

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8
Q

Etomidate

A

GABA uptake inhibitor

不能止痛,只有鎮靜

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9
Q

Propofol

A

GABA uptake inhibitor
可以止吐
與 Etomidate 不同:有呼吸心跳抑制的副作用

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10
Q

Neuroleptic analgesia

A

Droperidol: D2 receptor blocker, 不能止痛但能止吐
Fentanyl: Opioid, 止痛, 副作用是吐

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