03 Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Acetazolamide

A

CA inhibitor
抑制HCO3- 再吸收,進而減少Na+再吸收
會造成metabolic acidosis, alkaline urine(有助排除尿酸)
可用於預防高山症(使身體處於Acidosis後反射加快、加深呼吸,如Kussmaul breathing)
可減少房水液生成(需要CA),降低眼壓,治療青光眼

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2
Q

Furosemide, Bumentamide, Torasemide

A
Loop diuretics
抑制亨耳氏套的NKCC2(回收Na, K, Cl)
Ca、Mg也會一起排出
治療嚴重水腫
大家一起出去,可能造成電解質不平衡
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3
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide、Indapamide、Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide diuretics
作用在遠曲小管NCC(Na, Cl)
唯一保鈣型利尿劑,可減少結石
通常用來長期控制高血壓(可讓血管放鬆)、DI

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4
Q

Spironolactone

A

K+ sparing diuretics, Aldosterone receptor antagonist
平常Aldosterone 可以增加ENaC表現,可以留鈉排鉀保水排酸,被抑制掉後就只能排鈉保鉀排水保酸
影響基因層級,效果持久,適合治療肝硬化導致的腹水

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5
Q

Amiloride

A

K+ sparing diuretics
直接抑制ENaC
適合用於體內secondary hyperaldosteronism

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6
Q

Mannitol, Glycerol

A

Osmotic diuretics
進入tubule後不再吸收也不分泌,吸水出來
比較常用來降腦壓、治療青光眼

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7
Q

Tolvaptan

A

V2 antagonist
擋住ADH效用,阻止再吸收水分
但主要不是用來利尿,而是治療SIADH

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8
Q

會造成Acidosis的diuretics

A

Acetazolamide, K+ sparing diuretics

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9
Q

唯一保鈣

A

Thiazide diuretics

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10
Q

保鉀

A

K+ sparing diuretics

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11
Q

跟 Aminoglycoside 併用會有嚴重耳毒性

A

Furosemide

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