Zoonoses IV Flashcards
genome of arena virus
- ssRNA with two segments with one being ambisense
- ambisense means that part of it is positive sense and parts are negative sense – it codes for RNA dependent RNA polymerase
how does arena virus spread
through rat feces and urine
diseases that fall under arenavirus
Lassa fever and Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever
animal associated with Lassa Fever and how it is transmitted
African Bush rat
urine from rat
what happens to those infected with Lassa Fever
most of them are asymptomatic while about 15% mortality in hospitalized cases
how do you diagnose Lassa Fever
blood and CSF
virus and reservoir of Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever
Guanaritovirus
cane and cotton rats
genome of bunyavirus
-ssRNA
pathogenesis of bunyavirus
plasma and RBCs leak through vascular epithelium
diseases associated with Bunyavirus
Korean Hemorrhagic Fever
Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
virus and reservoir associated with Korean Hemorrhagic Fever
Hantaan virus
rats or deer mouse
virus and reservoir of Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever
niarovirus
wild mouse, hare, squirrels and hedgehog
vector for Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever and animal associated with the vector
hyalomma tick
sheep
symptoms of Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever
2 peak fever
- 1st phase: high fever and last for about 12 days; hemorrhages during day 3-7 which at the time fever comes down
- 2nd phase: after hemorrhages, fever returns again
genome of flavivirus
+ssRNA
epidemiology of flavivirus
arbovirus (except for Hep C)
all flavivirus are serologically related so if you build immunity against one you build immunity against the others
diseases associated with flavivirus
dengue and yellow fever
transmission of dengue
day biting mosquitoes
symptoms of dengue and how this condition is diagnosed
clinically diagnosed
fever, rash, hemorrhagic shock syndrome
how do you treat dengue
supportive treatment and admit to hospitals if platelets drop
pathogenesis of dengue
- infect macrophages
- cell damage by cell mediators
- tissue destruction by T cell
- shock syndrome: if infected by with another serotype shortly after 1st infection due to antibody enhancing infection
reservoir and transmission of yellow fever
monkeys
mosquitoes
genome of filovirus and its epidemiology
“-ssRNA”
mortality ranges from 20% to 90%
diseases associated with filovirus
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola Virus Disease, and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
what in filovirus replication makes the diseases it is associated with complicated
RNA polymerase of Marburg and Ebola stutter/add extra nucleotides/edit nucleotides at specific locations thereby creating new proteins
these protein created by the glycoprotein editing site is associated with virulence in animals
importance of Isoxazole derivates in filovirus replication
they block filovirus in cell culture by inactivating Neimmann Pick C1 (NPC1) protein
incubation period of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever vs. incubation period in Ebola
Marburg is 14 days
Ebola Virus Disease is 2 - 21 days
what in the pathogenesis of ebola hemorrhagic fever makes it so lethal
glycoprotein peplomers cause destruction of endothelium of blood vessels leading to massive hemorrhage
main strain of ebola hemorrhagic fever recognized
one in Zaire with 90% (Sudan with 50% is next closest)
symptoms of ebola virus disease
sudden febrile illness, vascular collapse, internal bleeding, and death
agent of babesiosis frequently identified in the US
b. microti
babesiosis is most severe in what type of patients
immunocompromised, splenectomized, elderly
what is babesiosis caused by and what does it do
caused by microscopic parasites that infected red blood cells and are spread by certain ticks
how do you prevent babesiosis
prevent exposure to ticks
though if you get it, it is asymptomatic
what is babesiosis spread by
ixodes scapularis tick
