HIV 3

Question 1

conditions involving bartonella henselae

Answer 1

• cat scratch disease: chronic lymphadenopathy
• bacillary angiomatosis: purplish to bright red skin patches resembles kaposi’s sarcoma
• subacute endocarditis

Question 2

viral infections in HIV patients

Answer 2

viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, HHV-1 and 2, HPV, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

P-HHCV

Question 3

cause of viral hepatitis

Answer 3

Hep B and C with C being most common

Question 4

those with HIV + hepatitis are most likely to

Answer 4

develop liver toxicity from medications

Question 5

most common viral cause of congenital defects

Answer 5

CMV

Question 6

CMV establishes latency in what

Answer 6

mononuclear lymphocytes, stromal cells of bone marrow etc

Question 7

CMV in a weakened immune system can lead to what conditions

Answer 7

• CMV retinitis (esp in AIDs patients)
• inflammation of digestive tract
• inflammation of lungs and other organs

Question 8

infection with HIV and HPV increases a woman’s risk of

Answer 8

cervical cancer

Question 9

what can be seen on gross specimen of brain in persons with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Answer 9

irregular areas of granularity in white matter that resembles plaques of demyelination in multiple sclerosis

Question 10

what is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by – what virus?

Answer 10

polyomavirus JC virus

Question 11

symptoms of PML - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Answer 11

• speech problems
• weakness on one side of the body
• loss of vision in one eye
• numbness in one arm and leg

Question 12

fungal infections associated with HIV

Answer 12

candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 13

initial main manifestation of candidiasis in patients with untreated HIV

Answer 13

oropharyngeal candidiasis

Question 14

predominant causative agent of mucocutaneous candidiasis in HIV patients

Answer 14

candida albicans

Question 15

CD 4 count of person with cryptococcal meningitis

Answer 15

100

Question 16

where does one get cryptococcal meningitis from

Answer 16

soil

bird or bat dropping

Question 17

virulence factor of cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 17

polysaccharide capsule, phenol oxidase enzyme, ability to grow at 37oC

Question 18

infections with p. jirovecii is exclusively to

Answer 18

debilitated and immunosuppressed patients

Question 19

what has reduced the number of cases of pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 19

use of anti retroviral drugs

Question 20

main portal of entry in human of p. jirovecii

Answer 20

respiratory tract

Question 21

symptoms of p. jirovecii

Answer 21

non productive cough, dyspnea, fever

Question 22

parasites associated with HIV

Answer 22

toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidosis, visceral leischmaniasis

Question 23

how does one get toxoplasma gondii

Answer 23

raw or undercooked meat and from cats (touching cat litter then touching mouth)

Question 24

most common CNS infection of AIDS patients not receiving prophylaxis

Answer 24

toxoplasmosis – encephalitis

Question 25

CD 4 count of HIV patient with toxoplasmosis

Answer 25

less than 100

Question 26

symptoms of cryptosporidosis

Answer 26

chronic diarrhea

Question 27

cryptosporidosis is self limiting in individuals with what CD 4 count

Answer 27

greater than 200

Question 28

transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 28

bite of sandfly

Question 29

symptoms of visceral leischmaniasis

Answer 29

irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of spleen and liver, anemia

Question 30

cancers associated with HIV

Answer 30

kaposi’s sarcoma and non hodgkins lymphoma

Question 31

what is kaposi’s sarcoma and what is the virus

Answer 31

tumor of the blood vessel walls

HHV-8 or KSHV

Question 32

how does kaposi’s sarcoma present

Answer 32

pink, purple, red lesions on the skin and mouth (darker lesion in darker skinned individuals)

Question 33

what internal organs can kaposi’s sarcoma affect

Answer 33

digestive tract and lungs