HIV 3 Flashcards
conditions involving bartonella henselae
- cat scratch disease: chronic lymphadenopathy
- bacillary angiomatosis: purplish to bright red skin patches resembles kaposi’s sarcoma
- subacute endocarditis
viral infections in HIV patients
viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, HHV-1 and 2, HPV, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
P-HHCV
cause of viral hepatitis
Hep B and C with C being most common
those with HIV + hepatitis are most likely to
develop liver toxicity from medications
most common viral cause of congenital defects
CMV
CMV establishes latency in what
mononuclear lymphocytes, stromal cells of bone marrow etc
CMV in a weakened immune system can lead to what conditions
- CMV retinitis (esp in AIDs patients)
- inflammation of digestive tract
- inflammation of lungs and other organs
infection with HIV and HPV increases a woman’s risk of
cervical cancer
what can be seen on gross specimen of brain in persons with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
irregular areas of granularity in white matter that resembles plaques of demyelination in multiple sclerosis
what is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by – what virus?
polyomavirus JC virus
symptoms of PML - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- speech problems
- weakness on one side of the body
- loss of vision in one eye
- numbness in one arm and leg
fungal infections associated with HIV
candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, pneumocystis jirovecii
initial main manifestation of candidiasis in patients with untreated HIV
oropharyngeal candidiasis
predominant causative agent of mucocutaneous candidiasis in HIV patients
candida albicans
CD 4 count of person with cryptococcal meningitis
100
where does one get cryptococcal meningitis from
soil
bird or bat dropping
virulence factor of cryptococcus neoformans
polysaccharide capsule, phenol oxidase enzyme, ability to grow at 37oC
infections with p. jirovecii is exclusively to
debilitated and immunosuppressed patients
what has reduced the number of cases of pneumocystis jirovecii
use of anti retroviral drugs
main portal of entry in human of p. jirovecii
respiratory tract
symptoms of p. jirovecii
non productive cough, dyspnea, fever
parasites associated with HIV
toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidosis, visceral leischmaniasis
how does one get toxoplasma gondii
raw or undercooked meat and from cats (touching cat litter then touching mouth)
most common CNS infection of AIDS patients not receiving prophylaxis
toxoplasmosis – encephalitis
CD 4 count of HIV patient with toxoplasmosis
less than 100
symptoms of cryptosporidosis
chronic diarrhea
cryptosporidosis is self limiting in individuals with what CD 4 count
greater than 200
transmission of visceral leishmaniasis
bite of sandfly
symptoms of visceral leischmaniasis
irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of spleen and liver, anemia
cancers associated with HIV
kaposi’s sarcoma and non hodgkins lymphoma
what is kaposi’s sarcoma and what is the virus
tumor of the blood vessel walls
HHV-8 or KSHV
how does kaposi’s sarcoma present
pink, purple, red lesions on the skin and mouth (darker lesion in darker skinned individuals)
what internal organs can kaposi’s sarcoma affect
digestive tract and lungs
