Parasites Flashcards
predilection site for plasmodium
RBCs
predilection site for leishmania
WBC
predilection site for all trypanosomas
plasma
predilection site for schistosoma mansoni and japonicum
mesenteric vein
predilection site for schistosoma haematobium
veinous plexous of bladder
treatment for American Trypanosomiasis
Benznidazole and Nifurtimox
when does the treatment for American Trypanosomiasis work
they only work on trypomastigote phase and in the acute phase hence why screening is so effective
what phase does Benznidazole and Nifurtimox not work
in the amastigote phase
is there a vaccine for American Trypanosomiasis
no
treatment for African Trypanosomiasis
Suramin or Eflornithine
downside of Suramin or Eflornithine as treatment for African Trypanosomiasis
it removes tryps from everywhere except the CNS
treatment for the CNS for African Trypanosomiasis
Melarsoprol (crosses the BBB)
what is used to control the vector of African Typanosomiasis
biconical trap is used to control the tsetse population
downside to biconical trap
as the tsetse population falls, there is an increased lack of interest to keep up with the control of the vector —> decrease in biconical trap —> tsetse population increases again
what is the leishmania that leads to systematic/visceral disease
L. donovani
what are the leishmania that leads to cutaneous localized disease
L. majora, L. Tropica, L. aethiopica
CUT MAT
how does L. braziliensis work
it starts localized then later becomes metastatic mucocutaneous disease
treatment for leishmaniasis
-Amphoteracin B
-Pentavalent Antimonial compounds
(Sodium stibogluconate - Pentostam)
-Paramomycin
-Miltefosine
LAMPP
screening of leishmaniasis
clinical and rK39 dipstick
what is seen in old world cutaneous caused by L. major
small red papule which ulcerates after 2 weeks with serous exudate
what is seen in old world cutaneous caused by L. tropica
oriental sores
small red papule which ulcerates after 2-4 months –> dry ulcers
how does L. tropica heal and what happens after it heals
it heals spontaneously after in 2-3 months then patient is able to mount a cellular immune response so parents tend to put kid next to sand hill so they can be bit in a not so obvious place like the ankles and can build immunity and not have the ulcers in a place so obvious like the face
what is seen in new world mucocutaneous leischmaniasis caused by l. braziliensis
small cutaneous papules that for ulcers months later and heal with a scar and are asymptomatic
what happens years later with l. braziliensis
the parasite stays later then 3-20 years later, very destructive oral and nasal lesions develop
how do you control l. braziliensis
Flea collars on dogs
Treatment of infected individuals
Use of residual insecticides
