Parasites

Question 1

predilection site for plasmodium

Answer 1

RBCs

Question 2

predilection site for leishmania

Answer 2

WBC

Question 3

predilection site for all trypanosomas

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

predilection site for schistosoma mansoni and japonicum

Answer 4

mesenteric vein

Question 5

predilection site for schistosoma haematobium

Answer 5

veinous plexous of bladder

Question 6

treatment for American Trypanosomiasis

Answer 6

Benznidazole and Nifurtimox

Question 7

when does the treatment for American Trypanosomiasis work

Answer 7

they only work on trypomastigote phase and in the acute phase hence why screening is so effective

Question 8

what phase does Benznidazole and Nifurtimox not work

Answer 8

in the amastigote phase

Question 9

is there a vaccine for American Trypanosomiasis

Answer 9

no

Question 10

treatment for African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 10

Suramin or Eflornithine

Question 11

downside of Suramin or Eflornithine as treatment for African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 11

it removes tryps from everywhere except the CNS

Question 12

treatment for the CNS for African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 12

Melarsoprol (crosses the BBB)

Question 13

what is used to control the vector of African Typanosomiasis

Answer 13

biconical trap is used to control the tsetse population

Question 14

downside to biconical trap

Answer 14

as the tsetse population falls, there is an increased lack of interest to keep up with the control of the vector —> decrease in biconical trap —> tsetse population increases again

Question 15

what is the leishmania that leads to systematic/visceral disease

Answer 15

L. donovani

Question 16

what are the leishmania that leads to cutaneous localized disease

Answer 16

L. majora, L. Tropica, L. aethiopica

CUT MAT

Question 17

how does L. braziliensis work

Answer 17

it starts localized then later becomes metastatic mucocutaneous disease

Question 18

treatment for leishmaniasis

Answer 18

-Amphoteracin B
-Pentavalent Antimonial compounds
(Sodium stibogluconate - Pentostam)
-Paramomycin
-Miltefosine

LAMPP

Question 19

screening of leishmaniasis

Answer 19

clinical and rK39 dipstick

Question 20

what is seen in old world cutaneous caused by L. major

Answer 20

small red papule which ulcerates after 2 weeks with serous exudate

Question 21

what is seen in old world cutaneous caused by L. tropica

Answer 21

oriental sores

small red papule which ulcerates after 2-4 months –> dry ulcers

Question 22

how does L. tropica heal and what happens after it heals

Answer 22

it heals spontaneously after in 2-3 months then patient is able to mount a cellular immune response so parents tend to put kid next to sand hill so they can be bit in a not so obvious place like the ankles and can build immunity and not have the ulcers in a place so obvious like the face

Question 23

what is seen in new world mucocutaneous leischmaniasis caused by l. braziliensis

Answer 23

small cutaneous papules that for ulcers months later and heal with a scar and are asymptomatic

Question 24

what happens years later with l. braziliensis

Answer 24

the parasite stays later then 3-20 years later, very destructive oral and nasal lesions develop

Question 25

how do you control l. braziliensis

Answer 25

Flea collars on dogs
Treatment of infected individuals
Use of residual insecticides