Hepatitis II Flashcards

1
Q

what does large form HDAg do

A
  • suppresses HBV replication

- packages the HDV genome

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2
Q

what does small form HDAg do

A

transactivating the replication of HDV genome

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3
Q

what marker is elevated in Hep D

A

alanine amino transferase ALT

also high in Hep C

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4
Q

what does infection with Hep D interfere with

A

activation of an early step in the JAK STAT signal transduction pathway

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5
Q

how is Hep D diagnosed and control

A

anti delta IgM or anti delta IgG

control by controlling Hep B with vaccination

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6
Q

treatment of Hep D

A

higher doses of longer duration of IFNalpha

IFNalpha destroys RNA which is the genome of Hep D

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7
Q

which of the hepatitis has a high mortality in pregnant women

A

Hep E

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8
Q

does Hep E develop into fulminant hepatitis

A

it is usually self limiting and very seldom does it develop into fulminant hepatitis

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9
Q

treatment of Hep E

A

inteferon and ribavirin

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10
Q

type of hepatitis caused by Hep G

A

syncytial giant cell hepatitis

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11
Q

transfusion transmitted hepatitis

A

Hep TT and Hep C

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12
Q

genome in Yellow Virus

A

flavivirus so +ssRNA

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13
Q

where is yellow virus common and how is it transmitted

A

Africa - aedes aegypti mosquitoes

South America - haemagogus mosquitoes

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14
Q

clinical features of yellow virus

A

within a week, abrupt fever, myalgia, prostration and it resolves in 5 days

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15
Q

clinical features seen in severe yellow virus infection

A

fever, jaundice, bleeding seen with hematemesis, collapse

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16
Q

how do you diagnose and prevent yellow fever

A

diagnose with serology or PCR

live attenuated 17D strain of yellow fever or control mosquito population

17
Q

clinical features of epstein barr virus (HHV-4) causing herpes

A

fever, atypical lymphocytosis

18
Q

how is HHV-4 diagnosed

A
  • atypical lymphocytes/downey cells in peripheral blood

- slightly elevated ALP

19
Q

genome of herpes virus HHV-4 and HHV-5

A

linear dsDNA

20
Q

how is HHV-5 aka cytomegalovirus transmitted

A

urine, saliva, breast milk, semen, genital secretion

21
Q

how is HHV-5 diagnosed

A
  • cytomegalic cells (owl’s eye)
  • cotton wool retina (CMV retinitis)
  • virus isolation from saliva and urine
  • EM observation in urine
  • RIA and ELISA
22
Q

what is cytomegalovirus resistant to and why

A

acyclovir because it does not have thymidine kinase to activate it

23
Q

what is used to treat HHV-5

A

gancyclovir and human leukocyte interferon

24
Q

organisms involved in bacterial hepatitis – though rare

A

leptospira
coxiella burnetii
brucella
mycobacteria

25
Q

what is leptospirosis

A

zoonosis in which bacteria comes from urine of infected animal like rats, cattles, pigs, rodents, dogs

26
Q

how is leptospirosis transmitted

A

contact with contaminated water after heavy rains or flood

27
Q

most common species of leptospirosis

A

leptospira interrogans

28
Q

what severe disease can arise from leptospirosis

A

severe weil disease

29
Q

hepatitis due to parasites

A

echinococcus multiocularis

echinococcus granulosus

30
Q

biliary obstruction due to parasies

A

echinococcus multiocularis
echinococcus granulosus
fasciola hepatica

31
Q

in echinococcus granulosus, larvae form slow growing tumor like structure laminated in a membrane called

A

hydatid cyst

32
Q

intermediate hosts of the echinococcus

A

multiocularis - rodents

granulosus - sheeps, goats, horses, camels, swine

33
Q

definitive hosts of the echinococcus

A

multiocularis - foxes

granulosus - dogs