Hepatitis II Flashcards
what does large form HDAg do
- suppresses HBV replication
- packages the HDV genome
what does small form HDAg do
transactivating the replication of HDV genome
what marker is elevated in Hep D
alanine amino transferase ALT
also high in Hep C
what does infection with Hep D interfere with
activation of an early step in the JAK STAT signal transduction pathway
how is Hep D diagnosed and control
anti delta IgM or anti delta IgG
control by controlling Hep B with vaccination
treatment of Hep D
higher doses of longer duration of IFNalpha
IFNalpha destroys RNA which is the genome of Hep D
which of the hepatitis has a high mortality in pregnant women
Hep E
does Hep E develop into fulminant hepatitis
it is usually self limiting and very seldom does it develop into fulminant hepatitis
treatment of Hep E
inteferon and ribavirin
type of hepatitis caused by Hep G
syncytial giant cell hepatitis
transfusion transmitted hepatitis
Hep TT and Hep C
genome in Yellow Virus
flavivirus so +ssRNA
where is yellow virus common and how is it transmitted
Africa - aedes aegypti mosquitoes
South America - haemagogus mosquitoes
clinical features of yellow virus
within a week, abrupt fever, myalgia, prostration and it resolves in 5 days
clinical features seen in severe yellow virus infection
fever, jaundice, bleeding seen with hematemesis, collapse
how do you diagnose and prevent yellow fever
diagnose with serology or PCR
live attenuated 17D strain of yellow fever or control mosquito population
clinical features of epstein barr virus (HHV-4) causing herpes
fever, atypical lymphocytosis
how is HHV-4 diagnosed
- atypical lymphocytes/downey cells in peripheral blood
- slightly elevated ALP
genome of herpes virus HHV-4 and HHV-5
linear dsDNA
how is HHV-5 aka cytomegalovirus transmitted
urine, saliva, breast milk, semen, genital secretion
how is HHV-5 diagnosed
- cytomegalic cells (owl’s eye)
- cotton wool retina (CMV retinitis)
- virus isolation from saliva and urine
- EM observation in urine
- RIA and ELISA
what is cytomegalovirus resistant to and why
acyclovir because it does not have thymidine kinase to activate it
what is used to treat HHV-5
gancyclovir and human leukocyte interferon
organisms involved in bacterial hepatitis – though rare
leptospira
coxiella burnetii
brucella
mycobacteria
what is leptospirosis
zoonosis in which bacteria comes from urine of infected animal like rats, cattles, pigs, rodents, dogs
how is leptospirosis transmitted
contact with contaminated water after heavy rains or flood
most common species of leptospirosis
leptospira interrogans
what severe disease can arise from leptospirosis
severe weil disease
hepatitis due to parasites
echinococcus multiocularis
echinococcus granulosus
biliary obstruction due to parasies
echinococcus multiocularis
echinococcus granulosus
fasciola hepatica
in echinococcus granulosus, larvae form slow growing tumor like structure laminated in a membrane called
hydatid cyst
intermediate hosts of the echinococcus
multiocularis - rodents
granulosus - sheeps, goats, horses, camels, swine
definitive hosts of the echinococcus
multiocularis - foxes
granulosus - dogs
