Hepatitis III

Question 1

list the 5 larval stages observed between excretions of eggs of trematodes and formation of final larval stage

Answer 1

• miracidium
• sporocyst
• redia
• cercaria
• metacercaria

Question 2

only way humans can be infected with trematodes

Answer 2

ingestion of metacercaria

Question 3

how does one get infected with fasciola hepatica

Answer 3

ingestion of watercress infected by metacercaria

Question 4

two species of leishmania that cause visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 4

l. donovani and l. infantum (chagasi)

the rest cause cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 5

what happens with persistent infection of visceral leishmaniasis (l. donovani and l. infantum)?

Answer 5

pigmented granulomatous areas of the skin develop called post kala-azar dermal leishmaniaiss

Question 6

early and late symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 6

early - irregular fever (atypical, double peak)

late - splenomegaly and hepatomegaly -> death

Question 7

infective form of plasmodium

Answer 7

sporozoites

Question 8

kidney damage is associated with plasmodium falciparum which results in what ?

Answer 8

black water fever

Question 9

what is black water fever caused by

Answer 9

hemolysis of RBCs, marked hemoglobinuria, renal failure, tubular necrosis and death

Question 10

infective form of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 10

cyst but turns into trophozoite which is the replicative form

Question 11

clinical syndrome of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 11

bloody diarrhea with flask shaped ulcers - amoebic dysentery (intestinal)

invasive amoebic liver abscesses (ALA)

Question 12

infectious agents involved in granulomatous hepatitis

Answer 12

coxiella burnetti, brucella, mycobacteria, histoplasma capsulatum

Question 13

most common viral infection of the eye

Answer 13

adenovirus

Question 14

structure of adenovirus

Answer 14

naked dsDNA that is icosahedral

Question 15

where can adenovirus be isolated from in healthy individuals

Answer 15

nasopharynx, tonsil, intestinal tract

Question 16

respiratory clinical symptoms of adenovirus

Answer 16

acute and chronic conjuctivitis, pharyngoconjuctivitis, hematuria

Question 17

immunity against adenovirus

Answer 17

group specific CF antibodies

Question 18

what do the different types of chlamydia trachomatis cause

Answer 18

A-C cause trachoma and blindness

D-K cause conjuctivitis

Question 19

most common bacterial eye infection during birthing process

Answer 19

neisseria gonorrhea (ophthalmia neonaturum)

Question 20

most common cause of cataracts in places with limited supply of water and the major route

Answer 20

neisseria catarrhalis

major route is contaminated hands

Question 21

purulent infection of conjunctiva associated with

Answer 21

staph aureus and sometimes strep pneumonia and hemophilus influenza

Question 22

people with poor contact lens practices can be infected with what

Answer 22

acanthamoeba

Question 23

infective stage of acanthamoeba

Answer 23

cysts and trophozoite

Question 24

clinical syndrome of acanthamoeba

Answer 24

acute and subacute granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

keratitis and corneal ulcers

Question 25

most common viral agent of infection of testes and parotids

Answer 25

mumps

Question 26

class of virus is mumps and describe its structure

Answer 26

paramyxovirus

-ssRNA that is enveloped and helical

Question 27

major peplomeres on mumps

Answer 27

HA, NA, F

Question 28

transmission of mumps

Answer 28

droplets and saliva

Question 29

most common feature of mumps

Answer 29

parotitis with orchitis being the most common in adult males

Question 30

prevention of mumps

Answer 30

vaccination with MMR