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Micro Post Midterm > UGI 5 > Flashcards

UGI 5 Flashcards

1
Q

most herpes are what strain

A

HHV-2/HSV-2

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2
Q

when are the viruses HHV-1/2 typically released

A

released from the genital ulcers and in between outbreaks from the skin

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3
Q

although herpes is usually asymptomatic, what is the primary symptom

A

1+ blisters around the genitals or the rectum

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4
Q

which outbreak of herpes is the worst and what triggers the virus

A

the first outbreak is the most severe and subsequent outbreaks after decrease over time

triggered by stress, UV light from the sun, low immune system

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5
Q

what does HHV-1 and 2 share?

A

DNA homology, antigenic determinants, tissue tropism, disease symptoms

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6
Q

describe the HHV-1 and 2 virus?

A

ubiquitous, large, ds DNA, enveloped icosahedral virus that stays indefinitely in the body

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7
Q

what do HHV-1 and 2 encode and why it is important

A

enzymes that are good as anti viral targets

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8
Q

types of cells that HHV-1 and 2 infect and replicate in

A

mucoepithelial cells

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9
Q

pathogenesis of herpes virus and cells that fall under each one

A

lytic - cowdry type A inclusion bodies, syncytia
persistent - lymphocytes and macrophages
latent - neurons

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10
Q

how does the herpes virus protect itself from getting killed

A
  • blocks effects of interferons
  • prevents CD8 T cell recognition of infected cells
  • escapes antibody neutralization and clearance by going into hiding during latent phase
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11
Q

how do you diagnose herpes

A

PCR or serological tests

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12
Q

how do you diagnose herpes in between outbreaks

A

blood tests to detect antibodies (not always definitive)

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13
Q

how do you treat herpes

A

there is no cure but you can treat with acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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14
Q

how does one reduce transmission of herpes

A

daily suppressive therapy

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15
Q

how does acyclovir work

A
  • it is a guanine analogue that uses thymidine kinase for phosphorylation and gets incorporated onto the DNA strand
  • acyclovir triphosphate blocks DNA synthesis because once incorporated, there is chain termination due to lack of 3’ OH
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16
Q

microbe involved in donovanosis/ granuloma inguinale

A

klebsiella granulomatis

17
Q

describe klebsiella granulomatis

A

gram neg rod surrounded by well defined bipolar staining capsule, pleomorphic, intracellular, microscopy safety pin appearance with stain

18
Q

how does donovanosis/granuloma inguinale present

A
  • painless slow growing ulcerative lesion on genital or perineum without regional lympadenopathy
  • highly vascular hence reason for beefy red appearance and it bleeds easily on contact
19
Q

extragenital infections of donovanosis/granuloma inguinale

A

pelvis, dissemination to intra-abdominal organs, bones, mouth

20
Q

high risk and low risk strand for HPV

A

high risk - HPV 16, 18

low risk - HPV 6, 11

21
Q

spectrum of HPV associated diseases

A
  • cervical dysplasia and cancer
  • condyloma acuminata (genital warts)
  • other anogenital and oral cancers
22
Q

anogenital warts caused HPV are usually asymptomatic but what happens if it goes untreated

A

may increase in size or numbers

23
Q

how do you diagnose anogenital warts

A

visual inspection

24
Q

what poses a greater risk in contracting cancer than alcohol and smoking? what evidence supports it?

A

HPV

HPV 16 is present in 72% of patients with cancer

25
Q

what has decreased the rates of cervical cancer

A

pap smear

26
Q

strand of HPV present in cervical cancers

A

HPV 16, 18

27
Q

describe HPV genome

A

circular, dsDNA

28
Q

what types of cells do HPV infects

A

infect epithelial cells

29
Q

what does HPV E6 and E7 bind and what does it do

A

p53 and Rb respectively and disrupts the cell growth cycle

30
Q

what is the HPV lifecycle tight coupled to

A

differentiation process of the epithelium

31
Q

how do you diagnose cervical cellular abnormalities

A
  • cytology/pap test for screening
  • HPV DNA tests
  • colposcopy
  • cervical biopsy
32
Q

how often do women 21-29 and 30-65 get tested for cervical cell abnormalities and what tests are done

A
  • -> 21-29: pap test every 3 years

- –> 30-65: pap test and HPV every 5 years or pap test alone every 3 years

33
Q

HPV vaccine and strands it protects against

A
  • Gardasil: 6, 11, 16, 18

- Cervarix: 16 and 18

Micro Post Midterm (31 decks)

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