Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Post Midterm > GI 2 > Flashcards

GI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

types of toxin released from bacillus cereus

A

emetic toxin and enterotoxin

ST (heat stable) neurotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

habitat for bacillus cereus

A

air, soil, water, and dust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

incriminated food for bacillus cereus

A

rice and pulses (beans and lentils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

incubation period and duration period of b. cereus

A

incubation is 2-3 hours

and it lasts for 6-24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do you differentiate staph aureus and b. cereus

A

the incriminating food, the toxins released, habitat found in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does one isolate and identify b. cereus

A

non selective medium: blood agar

sometimes + polymyxin suppresses gram neg bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

toxins released by clostridium botulinum

A

exotoxin and neurotoxin (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is c. botulinum susceptible to

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

habitat that c. botulinum is found in

A

soil (fertilized animal excreta), lower GI tract humans and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

incriminated food of c. botulinum

A

home canning, meats, vegetables, fish, fruits, and condiments

major concern food processor and consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most potent c. botulinum toxin

A

toxin A –> kills humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens with muscles with c. botulinum toxin

A

muscle will not contract and will remain in its relaxed state – flaccid paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

c. botulinum toxins found in human, ones found in US, ones found in Europe

A

humans - A, B, C and rarely F
US - A then B and E
Europe - B (rarely A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

symptoms of c. botulinum

A

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea
GI disturbances in some patients
serious disease can be fatal within 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do you diagnose c. botulinum

A

REPORTABLE DISEASE

presumptive diagnosis: presence of rapidly descending paralysis and history of home canned and fermented food

confirmative diagnosis: toxin in serum/feces or incriminating food (mouse toxin neutralization test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

differential diagnosis for c. botulinum

A

guillian barre - ascending paralysis with elevated CSF protein

myasthenia gravis - descending paralysis occurring with increased activity and positive response to edrophonium

other microbial food poisoning and gastroenteritis: no cranial nerve involvement

chemical and non microbial food poisoning: symptoms occur within minutes

17
Q

what is infant botulism

A

not food poisoning

ingestion of spores of c. botulinum –> spore germination in GI tract –> vegetative cells –> replicate and release toxin

18
Q

what are symptoms of infant botulism

A

illness and constipation –> lethargy, sleep more than normal, suck and gag reflex diminish, dysphagia (with drooling) –> head control lost and infant becomes flaccid

19
Q

severe symptom with infant botulism

A

respiratory arrest

20
Q

diagnosis of infant botulism

A

toxin in feces

21
Q

treatment of botulism

A

Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)-(Equine)

Supportive measures: maintain respiration

Baby Botulism Immune Globulin (BIG-IV) for A & B toxins

22
Q

toxin in long acting mushroom

A

amantia

23
Q

incubation period for long acting mushroom and symptoms

A

4-8 hrs

diarrhea, abdominal cramps, can be fatal

24
Q

toxin in short acting mushroom

A

Museinol, Muscarine, Psilocybin, Coprius artemetaris, Ibotenic acid

25
Q

incubation period for short acting mushroom and symptoms

A

less than 2 hours

vomiting diarrhea

26
Q

what are mycotoxigenic fungi toxins

A

mycotoxin: 2ndary metabolites – aspergillus, fusarium, penicillium
aflatoxin: aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus

27
Q

foods responsible for mycotoxigenic fungi toxins

A

tree nuts, peanuts, oilseeds (corn and cotton)

28
Q

complications of mycotoxigenic fungi toxins

A

acute necrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma (liver)

29
Q

toxin in ciguatera poisoning

A

Dinoflagellates: Gambierdiscus toxicus: Ciguatoxin

30
Q

types of sea creatures involved in ciguatera poisoning

A

Large predatory reef fish: barracuda, grouper and amberjacks

31
Q

symptoms of ciguatera poisoning

A

3-6 hrs after ingestion

big thing: hot/cold temp reversal and watery diarrhea

watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain
circumoral, and extremity paresthesia, severe pruritus, hot/cold temp reversal

32
Q

bacteria involved in scombroid poisoning

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, M. morganii

33
Q

what do the bacteria in scombroid poisoning do

A

turn histadine –> histamine which is a scrombotoxin

34
Q

types of sea creatures involved in scombroid poisoning

A

Scrombridae Fish: tuna, mahi-mahi, marlin and bluefin

35
Q

first symptom in scombroid poisoning

A

metallic taste in mouth

36
Q

other symptoms of scombroid poisoning

A

watery diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, urticaria (rash), facial flushing, generalised pruritus, paresthesias

Micro Post Midterm (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions