UGI 2 Flashcards
2/3 of urogenital schistosomiasis is due to what
schistosoma hematobium
symptoms/side effects of schistosomiasis
contact bleeding, discharge, pain on intercourse, secondary infections, diminished fertility
increased chance of bladder cancer
specimen for UTIs
clean catch urine specimen
white and red blood cells, bacteria
tests used for diagnosis of UTIs and why
leukocyte-esterase test
nitrate –> nitrite
bacteria converts nitrate to nitrite so looking for nitrite is diagnostic
amount of specimen needed in symptomatic women for accurate diagnosis for UTI
10^2 CFU
what drug used in the treatment for UTIs caused by e. coli is no longer effective because of the widespread resistance
fluoroquinolones
population with highest risk of STI
15-24 year olds
signs and symptoms seen in gonorrhea and chlamydia (also name the pathogen)
urethral discharge, cervicitis - vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain in women, neonatal conjunctivitis
neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis
signs and symptoms seen in syphilis and the pathogen
treponema pallidum
anogenital ulcers, inguinal swelling, generalized skin rash
signs and symptoms seen in chancroid and the pathogen
hemophilus ducreyi
genital ulcers with inguinal swelling
signs and symptoms seen in granuloma inguinale or donovanosis and the pathogen
klebsiella granulomatis
nodular swellings and anogenital ulcers
difference in the discharge in trichomoniasis and candidiasis
trichomoniasis - frothy (protein) vaginal discharge
candidiasis - thick curd like vaginal discharge
manifestations of STI
URETHRAL DISCHARGE, vaginal discharge, genital ulcers, lower abdominal pain, scrotal swelling, inguinal bulbo, neonatal conjunctivitis
other than cervicitis, what is another cause of vaginal discharge
vaginitis - trichomoniasis and candidiasis
causes of genital ulcers
syphilis, genital herpes, chancroid
causes of inguinal bubo
chancroid and LGV
causes of neonatal conjunctivitis
gonorrhea and chlamydia
mixtures of anaerobes can lead to female genital tract infections. name the common anaerobes
Prevotella bivia and disiens, bacteriodes fragillis
conditions with vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis
what is vaginitis characterized by
vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, irritation, odor
most common cause of vaginitis and most common vaginal infection in childbearing aged women
bacterial vaginosis
what is bacterial vaginosis
normal balance of bacteria in vagina is disrupted replaced by certain overgrowth
increased risk of HIV transmission is seen in what conditions
Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, Gonorrhea
how do you distinguish bacterial vaginosis from candidiasis and trichomonas
clue cells
how and why is the pH of vagina affected in bacterial vaginosis
people with bacterial vaginosis have fewer lactobacilli hence not as much lactic acid being produced –> increased pH
if pH is greater than 4.5 –> suggests BV
candida albicans is normal flora of what
vagina, urethra, skin under nails
primary site of colonization for candida albicans
GI tract
conditions that put women at risk for candidiasis
pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, use of broad spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroid medication
only known protozoan parasite that infects the genital tract
trichomonas vaginalis
risk factors for trichomonas vaginalis
multiple sex partners, history of STDs, low socioeconomic status, lack of condom use
most common site of trichomoniasis infection in men and women
men: urethra
women: vagina
mode of transmission for trichomoniasis
sex is primary
fomites is also possible
how do you detect trichomonas vaginalis
NAAT
what is seen in NAAT
parasite with 4 flagella and short undulating membrane responsible for motility
clinical presentation of trichomoniasis
frothy discharge and strawberry cervix
difference in pH for conditions that cause vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis both have pH higher than 4.5
candidiasis has a pH of less than 4.5
what would you see with KOH wet mount for candidiasis
pseudohyphae if caused by candida albicans
spores if caused by other non albicans species
term used to describe gonorrhea in military situations
bacterial urethritis
major reservoir of gonorrhea
asymptomatically infected individual
