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Micro Post Midterm > UGI 2 > Flashcards

UGI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2/3 of urogenital schistosomiasis is due to what

A

schistosoma hematobium

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2
Q

symptoms/side effects of schistosomiasis

A

contact bleeding, discharge, pain on intercourse, secondary infections, diminished fertility

increased chance of bladder cancer

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3
Q

specimen for UTIs

A

clean catch urine specimen

white and red blood cells, bacteria

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4
Q

tests used for diagnosis of UTIs and why

A

leukocyte-esterase test
nitrate –> nitrite
bacteria converts nitrate to nitrite so looking for nitrite is diagnostic

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5
Q

amount of specimen needed in symptomatic women for accurate diagnosis for UTI

A

10^2 CFU

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6
Q

what drug used in the treatment for UTIs caused by e. coli is no longer effective because of the widespread resistance

A

fluoroquinolones

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7
Q

population with highest risk of STI

A

15-24 year olds

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8
Q

signs and symptoms seen in gonorrhea and chlamydia (also name the pathogen)

A

urethral discharge, cervicitis - vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain in women, neonatal conjunctivitis

neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis

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9
Q

signs and symptoms seen in syphilis and the pathogen

A

treponema pallidum

anogenital ulcers, inguinal swelling, generalized skin rash

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10
Q

signs and symptoms seen in chancroid and the pathogen

A

hemophilus ducreyi

genital ulcers with inguinal swelling

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11
Q

signs and symptoms seen in granuloma inguinale or donovanosis and the pathogen

A

klebsiella granulomatis

nodular swellings and anogenital ulcers

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12
Q

difference in the discharge in trichomoniasis and candidiasis

A

trichomoniasis - frothy (protein) vaginal discharge

candidiasis - thick curd like vaginal discharge

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13
Q

manifestations of STI

A

URETHRAL DISCHARGE, vaginal discharge, genital ulcers, lower abdominal pain, scrotal swelling, inguinal bulbo, neonatal conjunctivitis

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14
Q

other than cervicitis, what is another cause of vaginal discharge

A

vaginitis - trichomoniasis and candidiasis

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15
Q

causes of genital ulcers

A

syphilis, genital herpes, chancroid

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16
Q

causes of inguinal bubo

A

chancroid and LGV

17
Q

causes of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

gonorrhea and chlamydia

18
Q

mixtures of anaerobes can lead to female genital tract infections. name the common anaerobes

A

Prevotella bivia and disiens, bacteriodes fragillis

19
Q

conditions with vaginitis

A

bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis

20
Q

what is vaginitis characterized by

A

vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, irritation, odor

21
Q

most common cause of vaginitis and most common vaginal infection in childbearing aged women

A

bacterial vaginosis

22
Q

what is bacterial vaginosis

A

normal balance of bacteria in vagina is disrupted replaced by certain overgrowth

23
Q

increased risk of HIV transmission is seen in what conditions

A

Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, Gonorrhea

24
Q

how do you distinguish bacterial vaginosis from candidiasis and trichomonas

A

clue cells

25
Q

how and why is the pH of vagina affected in bacterial vaginosis

A

people with bacterial vaginosis have fewer lactobacilli hence not as much lactic acid being produced –> increased pH

if pH is greater than 4.5 –> suggests BV

26
Q

candida albicans is normal flora of what

A

vagina, urethra, skin under nails

27
Q

primary site of colonization for candida albicans

A

GI tract

28
Q

conditions that put women at risk for candidiasis

A

pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, use of broad spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroid medication

29
Q

only known protozoan parasite that infects the genital tract

A

trichomonas vaginalis

30
Q

risk factors for trichomonas vaginalis

A

multiple sex partners, history of STDs, low socioeconomic status, lack of condom use

31
Q

most common site of trichomoniasis infection in men and women

A

men: urethra
women: vagina

32
Q

mode of transmission for trichomoniasis

A

sex is primary

fomites is also possible

33
Q

how do you detect trichomonas vaginalis

A

NAAT

34
Q

what is seen in NAAT

A

parasite with 4 flagella and short undulating membrane responsible for motility

35
Q

clinical presentation of trichomoniasis

A

frothy discharge and strawberry cervix

36
Q

difference in pH for conditions that cause vaginitis

A

bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis both have pH higher than 4.5

candidiasis has a pH of less than 4.5

37
Q

what would you see with KOH wet mount for candidiasis

A

pseudohyphae if caused by candida albicans

spores if caused by other non albicans species

38
Q

term used to describe gonorrhea in military situations

A

bacterial urethritis

39
Q

major reservoir of gonorrhea

A

asymptomatically infected individual

Micro Post Midterm (31 decks)

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