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Micro Post Midterm > GI 6 > Flashcards

GI 6 Flashcards

1
Q

similar to shigellosis but less severe ..and what does shigellosis have that this condition does not

A

enteroinvasive e. coli (EIEC)

does not have a shiga toxin

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2
Q

pathogenesis of enteroinvasive e. coli (EIEC)

A

invades the enterocytes of LI (like shigellosis)

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3
Q

what are the different types of salmonella genus based on

A

Vi antigens (capsular)

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4
Q

3 clinical manifestations of salmonella

A

gastroenteritis, septicemia/bacterial, enteric (typhoid) fever

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5
Q

bacteria associated enteric typhoid fever

A

Salmonella Typhi

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6
Q

tests that you order for the different symptoms of salmonella

A
  • enterocolitis: positive in stool culture soon after test but not seen in blood
  • septicemia/bacteremia: pos in blood culture during high fever and sometimes seen in stool
  • enteric typhoid fever: pos in blood culture for 1st and 2nd week then pos from 2nd week and on in stool
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7
Q

pathogenesis of salmonella

A

they all will invade SI and sometimes LI but only septicemia/bacteremia will go the lymphatics then enter the blood and become systemic

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8
Q

what harbors salmonella that leads to enterocolitis/gastroenteritis

A

it is food borne infection and seen mainly in dairy/poultry products

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9
Q

who is mainly infected with reptile associated salmonella

A

infants and children through direct or indirect contact

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10
Q

who in the US is infected with enteric typhoid fever

A

those that have travelled to Asia, Mexico, and India

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11
Q

what occurs if enteric typhoid fever goes systemic

A

it can enter the liver/gall bladder and replicate in the bile and then bile enter the SI and reinfects leading to inflammation and ulceration

of course if it gets to SI –> seen in feces

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12
Q

types of people who are important/dangerous in the transmission of typhoid fever

A

carriers because they have no symptoms but yet shed and infect others

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13
Q

how can you prevent transmission of typhoid fever

A

take out the gall bladder so there will be no site for microbe to multiply and shed in feces

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14
Q

how do you isolate and detect salmonella

A

use McConkey’s agar or S-S agar (salmonella -shigella agar)

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15
Q

what do you see on S-S agar for salmonella

A

colorless/pale because salmonella does not do lactose fermentation

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16
Q

how do you differentiate salmonella from shigella

A

salmonella is motile while shigella is not
salmonella uses gas from glucose
salmonella does H2S production and shigella does not (with the exception of s. flexnieri)

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17
Q

diagnostic feature of s. typhi

A
  • S-S agar
  • history of travel to endemic areas like Asia, Mexico, and India
  • Positive widal reaction
  • gram neg, motile bacteria
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18
Q

morphological feature of campylobacter

A

gram neg, motile, microaerophilic, does not ferment CH2O, and catalase positive

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19
Q

carrier of campylobacter coli

A

pigs

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20
Q

in general, how does one get infected with campylobacter

A

fecal contaminated water
unpasteurized milk
raw/partially cooked poultry

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21
Q

toxins of campylobacter

A
  • endotoxin
  • enterotoxin –> watery diarrhea
  • cytotoxin: verotoxin (similar to shiga toxin) –> bloody diarrhea
22
Q

clinical symptoms of campylobacter

A

symptoms begin 3-5 days after ingestion

  • pyrexia (raised temp - fever)
  • prostration
  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhea
23
Q

complications of campylobacter

A
  • reactive arthritis

- guillian barre (aka acute motor axonal neuropathy) which is a symmetric ascending paralysis

24
Q

detection of c. jejuni

A

fecal specimen culture –> gram neg, motile, catalase pos, microaerophilic, needs 10% CO2

25
Q

Yersinia enterolytica is common in what age group

A

children under the age of 7

26
Q

what other condition rivals yersinia enterolytica

A

salmonella acute gastroenteritis because of commonality in cooler climates

yersinia is a pyschrotroph - facultative psyhcrophile

27
Q

pathogenesis of yersinia enterolytica

A

releases a ST enterotoxin that increases cGMP –> watery diarrhea

induces invasive inflammation in the distal ileum and adjacent tissues and mesenteric lymph node hence mimicking appendicitis

28
Q

treatment of yersinia enterolytica

A

doxycycline and oxytetracycline

29
Q

complication of yersinia enterolytica

A

post-infective reactive arthritis (autoimmunity arthritis)

30
Q

what are the non cholera vibrios

A

v. parahemolyticus
v. alginolyticus
v. vulnificus
v. cholerae (non toxigenic v. cholerae)

31
Q

features of non cholerae vibrios

A 
not agglutinated by anti 01 sera
halophilic organisms (common coastal waters)
32
Q

how does one get vibrio parahemolyticus and in what area of the world is it common

A

from eating raw or undercooked seafood

common in Japan - they eat raw fish (sushi)

33
Q

how does one get infected with vibrio vulnificus

A

eating raw oysters

34
Q

clinical features of vibrio vulnificus

A

it is a virulent strain

get intense skin lesions –> gastroenteritis and severe bacteremia

35
Q

how do you diagnose vibrio

A

screening stool for oxidase activity
TCBS agar - thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar –> sucrose negative will be vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus

36
Q

what does enteroaggregative possess

A

AAF - aggregative adherence factor

37
Q

another name for STEC - shiga toxin producing e. coli

A

VTEC - verotoxin producing e. coli

38
Q

what can STEC/VTEC cause

A

hemorrhagic colitis
hemolytic uremic syndrome
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

39
Q

which one of the STEC/VTEC affect adults and which children and which elderly

A

hemorrhagic colitis - adults
hemolytic uremic syndrome - children
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura - elderly

40
Q

toxin released by VTEC/STEC

A

verotoxin released and it causes inhibition of protein synthesis (which is why it is called shiga like toxin e coli)

41
Q

worst thing you can do in patients with VTEC/STEC and why

A

treat them with antibiotics because the killed organism will release more toxin causing even more damage

42
Q

what is screened for in routine stool culture? what if it is bloody?

A

routine - campylobacter, shigella, salmonella

if bloody - STEC/VTEC

43
Q

complication of a pseudopod forming protozoa

A

entamoeba histolytica

toxic megacolon

44
Q

how does one get infected with balantidum coli

A

contaminated water or food by pig feces

45
Q

pathogenesis of balantidum coli

A

you ingest cyst –> becomes trophozoite which invades the SI –> into LI to invade colon –> shed cyst and trophozoite in the feces

46
Q

diagnosis of balantidum coli

A

ciliated trophozoite in the feces because cysts are not frequent

47
Q

manifestations of ascaris lumbricoides and treatment

A

asymptomatic –> but could be pulmonary symptoms

treat with albendazole

48
Q

how would you describe the ascaris lumbricoides worm

A

large white/pink adult worm that is 15-25 cm long

49
Q

clinical manifestation of trichuris trichuria especially in children

A

asymptomatic with peripheral blood eosinophilia

in children - iron deficiency and growth retardation

50
Q

treatment of trichuris trichura

A

albendazole just like ascaris (both are worms that gives you eosinophilia)

51
Q

manifestation of anyclostoma duodenale nectar americanus

A

iron deficiency and protein energy malnutrition especially in children and women of child bearing age

52
Q

treatment of ancylostoma duodenale nectar americanus

A

albendazole and iron replacement

Micro Post Midterm (31 decks)

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