week 9 - classification of heart failure

Question 1

what are the different classifications of heart failure?

Answer 1

1- cardiac disease - no symptoms and no limation in ordinary physical activity

2- mild symptoms and slight limitation during ordinary acivity

3- significant limitation in activity due to symptoms - comofratble only at rest

4- sevre limitation - symptoms even while at rest

Question 2

what are some early red flas for referal to a cardiologist?

Answer 2

ischemic chest pain, syncope, orthopenea
tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypoxemia, heart murmer

Question 3

what are some investigations that might indicate a red flag and early referal to a cardiologist?

Answer 3

ischemia on a 12 lead
pulmonary odeam on xray
raised tropnins
LVEF less 40%
ischemaia on stress testing

Question 4

what is the treatments for class one failure?

Answer 4

risk factor reduction, pt and family education
treat hypertension, diabetes, ACE inhibitors or ARBS

Question 5

what is the treatment in the second part of stage one where there are still no symptoms?

Answer 5

ace inhibitors, arbs or beta bloackers

Question 6

what are the treatments for stage 2 - where there is disaes and current or previos symtoms

Answer 6

ace inhibitors and beta blockers
dietary sodium restirction, diuretics, digoxin

Question 7

what is the treatment options for stage 3?

Answer 7

cardiac resyncronisation, revascularisation, mitral valve surgury, multidiciplinary team, aldosterone agonist,

Question 8

what to do in 4th stage where special intervention is required?

Answer 8

inotropes, VAD, stransplants, palliatve care

Question 9

what are the common causes of acute decompensation in heart failure?

Answer 9

AMI
arythmias
infection
anemai
hyperthyroidism
increased symapthetic drive
acute renal falire

Question 10

what medications can exacerate heart failure?

Answer 10

centrally acting calium blockers
tryciclic antidepresents
corticosteriods
beat bloakcers - if unstable/unsutable