week 6- musculoskeletal injuries soft tissue Flashcards
what are the different types of soft tissue?
skin, deep facis
muscle, tendons, joints and associated structures- ligaments, capsules, synovial mebranes, cartliage
what is the difference between a strain and a sprian?
sprain - ligament
strain a muscle
what are the grades for sprains and strains?
grade one - mild injury involving tearing of only a few fibers
grade two moderate injury involving a considerate proportion of fibers
grade three complete tear or ruptrue
what are the grade one injuries presentations for muscles and ligaments?
muslce- focal pain, typically no loss in strength
ligament - pain on applied stress/load, normal end feel
what are the grade two injuries presentations for muscles and ligaments?
muscle - pain, swelling and loss of strength. pain reported on small contraction and strech
ligament - pain on applied stress
poss increased joint taxidity, end still feels present
what are the grade three injuries presentations for muscles and ligaments?
muscle- often very painful
loss of function
visual and palpble deformity
ligament - complete tear, gross joint taxicity, empty or no end feel
pain either signficant or absent
what are the stages of soft tissue repair?
three stages
acute inflamatory - 3-2 days
repai 2-3 days to 2-6 weeks
remodelling maturation phase
3 weeks to 6-12 months
what happens during the acute inflamatory stage of reapir?
injury- cellular damage- vascular cellular events
vascular cahnges- permiability, leucocytes, pagocytes
histamins
what happens in the reconstructive phase?
clean up and reconstruction
macrophages
proliferation - fibriblasts to make collogen and granulation tissue
what happens in the remodelling and maturation phase?
rehabilitation and return to function
reorientation of collogen fibeers and muscle cells
what happens withing 4-6 weeks in terms of strength post injury?
4-6 weeks scar tissue will have 67% of it maximal phase
what are the pros of immobilisation?
provide protection to injured area
allows inflmation to occur
avoids re-injury
if you mobalise too early more type 3 collogen whoch is weaker
what are the cons of immobilisation?
increaseinf fibrostatic tissue
shortening of ligaments into immoblisaied positions
decreased bone density
muscle atrophy
how do you strike a balance between mobilisation and inflamation?
early rest of 3 days then graded loading and mobilisation of the injured tissue
what are the basic principles of injury managment?
minimise initial damage
reduce pain and inflamation
promote healing of damaged tissue
maintain and restore flexability, strenthe and overall fitness during the healing process
functional rehabilitation
asses and correct predisposing factores to reduces risk of reinjury
