Week 9 - CCF Flashcards
what causes cardiomyopathy?
usually result of cardiac remodelling due to disease
can be the result of infection, toxin exposure, nutritional deficencies or connective tissue diseases
what are the three types of cardiomyopathy?
dilated cariomyopathy
hypertrophic cardiomyopothy
restrictive cardiomyopathy
what is dialted cardiomyopathy?
largening of the ventricles due to dilatation - impared systolic function
main problem is stroke volume and reduction in ejection function
results in increased end-diastolic and end systolic volumes which eventually elads to heart failure
what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
thickening of the walls of the heat - become stiff
usually enlargement of intraventricular spetum and disorginisation of cardiac monocytes during remodelling
what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
ventricles really stiff- not thickened - reduction in stroke volume
impared filling of ventricles - near normal wall thickness - failure of myocardium to relax during diastolic pahse- walls too stiff
what are the main causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
ischemic heart disease and valvular dysfucunction
what is an ejection fraction?
stroke volume / end diastolic volume
it should be greater than 60%
what happens to the ejection fraction in dilated cardiomyopathy?
EF of less than 45%
in serve heart failure can be as low as 20%
what are the signs and symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
fatigue, dyspnea, peripheral odeama, palpitations, arrythmias, narrow pulse pressure - high systolic and diastolic volumes
what is the management of dilated cardiomyopathy?
drugs that increase contractility
anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, diuretics, steroids
cardiac transplant
what are the two types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
obstructive
non-obstructive
what commonly causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
valvular dysfuction, hypertension of genetics
what happens in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Abnormal diastolic fucntion
slow and prolonged isovolumetric relaxation
reduced filling rate
increased ventricular thickness
altered aterial contibution to stroke volume
reduction in stroke volume
what are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
angina
syncope
left ventricular failure
arythmias
what are the differences between obstructive and non-obstructive cardiomyopathy?
obstructive - HOCM - increased thickening so much that blood outflow can also be disrupted and obstructed
