week 10 - urine analysis

Question 1

when should urine be tested pre-hospitle??

Answer 1

abdo pain
frequecy
discharge
groin pain
flank pain
diabetes
swallon

Question 2

what observations should be done before the dipstick?

Answer 2

colour - dark, cloudy
clarity - see thorugh, cloudy, murky
precense of blood- rose to frank
brown urine- precense of bile - liver failure/medications

Question 3

what does cloudy or frothy urine indicate?

Answer 3

cloudy - hogh protein content, kidney stones, uti
frothy urine - nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

how long does the urine strip take to develop?

Answer 4

most 60 seconds
lukocytes - 2 minutes

Question 5

what does the precense of lucocytes, nitrates, proetin or blood in the urine indicate?

Answer 5

lukocytes - negative normal
positive - infection UTI

nitrates - absense normal
precense - usually UTI break down of any gram negative pathogens - ie ecoli

proteint - absence normal
precense - nefortic syndrom and chroic kideny disease

blood - absense normal
precnse - UTI, kidney stones, injury, trauma, rahbo and nefretic syndrome

Question 6

what does

Answer 6

painless microscopic blood- malignancy in kidneys, bladder or urinary tract

Question 7

what is a normal ph of urine? low/high?

Answer 7

4.5- 8
low - starvation, dka, sepsis
high - hyper emisis, uti, metabolic alcalosis

Question 8

what is the specific gravity indicitive of?

Answer 8

how hydrated you are
measured at 45 seconds
low - usually related to dilution - diabetes, tubular necrosis
raised- dyhydration, glucose in urine-diabetes, nephrotic syndrome

Question 9

what do ketones indicate? and glucose?

Answer 9

ketones- absence normal
precense- increased fatty acid metabolisim- fasting

glucose- absent normal
precense- diabetes, renal tubal disease, medication

glucose on own - follw up with GP

Question 10

what is most relevant prehospitally?

Answer 10

luckocytes, nitrates, blood, and protien