Week 8: Slides and Notes 7 Flashcards
True or False
The Enclosure Movement privatized common lands, which increased productivity but reduced access for small farmers.
True.
Reason: The Enclosure Movement allowed landowners to consolidate and privatize common lands, leading to more efficient agriculture but pushing small farmers off the land.
True or False
Alfred Crosby described fossil fuels as “frozen sunlight.”
Answer: True.
Reason: Crosby used this metaphor to emphasize that fossil fuels contain stored solar energy from millions of years ago, which was released rapidly during industrialization.
True or False
The introduction of peanuts to Africa helped sustain local farming communities by boosting food independence.
False.
Reason: Peanuts became a cash crop that disrupted traditional farming practices, creating dependency on European markets rather than supporting local food independence.
True or False
The Industrial Revolution increased the environmental impact of resource extraction..
True.
Reason: The Industrial Revolution relied on intensive fossil fuel use and large-scale extraction, leading to deforestation, pollution, and significant environmental degradation.
True or False
The “Three Sisters” planting technique used by Indigenous Americans supported dense populations.
True.
Reason: This method of planting maize, beans, and squash together provided balanced nutrition and high crop yields, supporting larger communities.
True or False
The Atlantic Triangle primarily transported goods between European countries.
False.
Reason: The Atlantic Triangle was a trade route involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, primarily for exchanging goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.
True or False
Cash crops like sugar were cultivated in colonies primarily for European consumption rather than local needs.
True.
Reason: Colonies grew cash crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton to supply European markets, often at the expense of local food production and sustainability.
True or False
Neo-Europes were colonies where Europeans recreated familiar environments and agricultural practices.
True.
Reason: Neo-Europes, as termed by Alfred Crosby, were settler colonies in temperate zones like Australia and New Zealand where Europeans introduced familiar plants, animals, and social systems.
True or False
The term “wonder crops” refers to high-yield crops from the Americas that became staples in Europe.
True.
Reason: Wonder crops like maize and potatoes provided high yields and were nutritionally valuable, reshaping European agriculture and diets.
True or False
The Scientific Revolution was unrelated to European expansion and conquest.
False.
Reason: The Scientific Revolution led to technological advancements that facilitated exploration, conquest, and resource extraction in colonized regions.
True or False
Cash crops were primarily grown to improve the local economy in colonies.
False.
Reason: Cash crops were cultivated to serve European markets, often undermining local economies and leading to dependency on colonial powers.
