Week 5: Notes and Slide (4-6)

Question 1

Define Indirect Contact

Answer 1

Transmission of disease through vectors such as bloodsucking insects (e.g., mosquitoes, fleas, lice) that carry pathogens from one host to another.

Question 2

Define Direct Contact

Answer 2

Transmission of disease through direct means, such as the air, polluted water, food, or physical contact with animal hosts

Question 3

How did herding animals into living spaces in towns like Ur contribute to disease spread?

Answer 3

Bringing animals into living areas increased the risk of zoonotic diseases spreading directly from animals to humans.

Question 4

Why was the mosquito considered the most dangerous vector in urbanized environments?

Answer 4

Mosquitoes spread several deadly diseases, including malaria and yellow fever, making them a primary cause of infection and mortality in urban settings.

Question 5

Which insect vector was responsible for spreading typhus, a significant threat to soldiers during World War II?

A) Mosquitoes
B) Fleas
C) Lice
D) Ticks

Answer 5

C

Question 6

What major change occurred in disease-related deaths during World War II due to the use of DDT?

A) More soldiers died from disease than injuries

B) Disease deaths decreased due to the reduction of lice

C) Injuries caused more deaths than disease-related infections

D) Both A and B

Answer 6

D

Question 7

True or False: Mosquitoes are considered indirect vectors because they spread disease without direct contact between hosts.

Answer 7

Answer: True

Reason: Mosquitoes act as vectors by transmitting diseases through bloodsucking rather than direct host-to-host contact.

Question 8

True or False: Herding animals into living spaces in urban areas helped reduce the spread of zoonotic diseases.

Answer 8

Answer: False
Reason: Bringing animals into human living areas increased the spread of zoonotic diseases due to closer contact between humans and animals.

Question 9

Explain why DDT was considered a significant advancement in disease prevention during World War II.

Answer 9

DDT effectively killed lice, which were vectors for typhus, a major disease affecting soldiers. By reducing the lice population, DDT helped prevent typhus outbreaks, leading to fewer disease-related deaths compared to injuries in WWII.

Question 10

Mix and Match
Match each vector or action on the left with the corresponding on the right:

Descriptions:
- Mosquitoes
- Lice
- Herding animals into living areas
- Use of DDT in WWII

Impact on disease spread:
A. Spread of zoonotic diseases through close contact

B. Primary vector for typhus affecting soldiers

C. Reduced typhus by killing vectors

D. Most dangerous vector in urban areas

Answer 10

Mosquitoes – D. Most dangerous vector in urban areas

Lice – B. Primary vector for typhus affecting soldiers

Herding animals into living areas – A. Spread of zoonotic diseases through close contact

Use of DDT in WWII – C. Reduced typhus by killing vectors