Textbook: Chapter 3, 7 Flashcards
True or False: Kinship-based Governance uses family ties to organize leadership and social structure.
True. Leadership is structured around kin relationships.
The Green Revolution began in the:
A) 1930s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s
B
Fill in the Blank: Nutrient-rich soils from flooding supported early farmers in _____
Alluvial Floodplains
Fill in the Blank: A large, fertile region created by rivers and runoff is called a ______.
Macro-Oasis
How did the concept of a “macro-oasis” contribute to the creation of the Fertile Crescent?
High evaporation rates created moisture-rich air, and the mountain chains acted as barriers to westerly winds. As the winds crossed the desert, they dropped moisture on the mountains, forming the Fertile Crescent—a macro-oasis where runoff from the mountains fed the river systems of Mesopotamia.
Why did the transition from hunting and gathering to farming not occur suddenly around 12,000 BP?
The transition was gradual, as farming was initially unpredictable and difficult, with no immediate nutritional returns. It involved a co-evolutionary process of domestication, farming technology, and increased population density, which eventually led to increased crop yields.
What played a key role in the transformation of wild plants into domesticated crops during the transition to farming?
A) Natural selection of wild plants
B) The development of complex farming machinery
C) External climate changes that favoured crop growth
D) Human-plant interactions, including soil improvement and clearing of unwanted vegetation
D
What role did Homo erectus’s physical and cognitive development play in their survival?
Homo erectus became more efficient hunters and scavengers, using the knowledge they gained during their migrations from Africa to adapt and thrive in new environments.
According to some researchers, what was a key factor in the dramatic physiological and neurological growth of Homo erectus?
A) Exclusive reliance on meat consumption
B) The invention and use of numerous stone tools and weapons
C) Their social structure and communication abilities
D) The development of agriculture
B
How did the tools and weapons created by Homo erectus contribute to their evolution?
The tools and weapons extended their agility and physical strength, playing a crucial role in their development and survival, facilitating hunting and scavenging more efficiently.
When did early humans, such as H. erectus, likely begin using fire to cook food?
The timing remains debated, but some researchers suggest that cooking began as early as 1.9 million years ago with Australopithecines cooking tubers and roots in East Africa, eventually contributing to the evolution of H. erectus.
According to some researchers, what role did cooking tubers and roots play in human evolution?
A) It had no impact on human evolution
B) It contributed to increased brain size and significant physiological changes
C) It led to the development of agriculture
D) It made humans dependent on wild fruits
B
How did cooking with fire contribute to the evolution of early humans, both physically and socially?
Cooking with fire made food more digestible, increasing its nutritional value and promoting brain development. It also had social and economic effects, as it allowed women past childbearing age to contribute more by collecting and cooking food, altering family dynamics.
