Textbook, Chapter 3, 4 Flashcards
What did pollen analysis during the Little Ice Age reveal about agricultural practices in central Europe?
Pollen analysis showed that the cultivation of grains and fruits had retreated from higher elevations by 60 to 70 feet (18 to 21 meters) as early as 1300 CE, due to the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age.
How did volcanic eruptions, such as those in 1788, 1789, and 1816, impact global agriculture?
The volcanic eruptions released smoke and ash into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and lowering global temperatures, which resulted in reduced crop yields and widespread hunger.
Between 1750 and 1850 CE, what percentage of the global population was engaged in farming?
A) 80%
B) 95%
C) 60%
D) 45%
B
Why were grains the primary food source for the poor, according to Carlo Cipolla?
Grains, like wheat, are more energy-efficient, as they transform solar energy into chemical energy directly. In contrast, animal meat requires additional energy transformation, resulting in greater losses in the energy chain.
What factors contributed to unstable food prices during the period (1750-1850 CE)?
Pest infestations and fluctuating harvests due to extreme weather
How did poor harvests and soaring food prices affect the majority of the population between 1750 and 1850 CE?
Poor harvests and high prices limited the purchasing power of the majority, leading to constant hunger and, in the worst cases, starvation.
Which factors contributed to the difficulty of producing enough food during the period from 1750 to 1850 CE?
A) Advanced farming technology and efficient transport systems
B) Primitive farming methods, poor transport systems, and lack of fertilizers
C) Increased agricultural specialization and crop rotation
D) Improved trade routes and higher yields
B
How did disease impact food production and health in the period from 1750 to 1850 CE?
Disease interfered with the metabolism of food into energy and made individuals more vulnerable to infections
Which of the following contributed to increased agricultural productivity in Europe during the early modern period?
A) Decreased urbanization and reduced food demand
B) Specialization in commercial crops and the use of crop rotation
C) Limited agricultural expansion and reliance on traditional methods
D) Lack of trade and market-based opportunities
B
How did the introduction of New World crops impact global food supply and agriculture?
The introduction of crops like potatoes, corn, and sweet potatoes from the Americas increased food availability in Europe, Africa, and Asia, helping to sustain growing populations.
These crops adapted to different climates and soils, boosting agricultural productivity without diminishing yields of traditional staples.
