Week 5: Notes and Slides (13-14) Flashcards
Define Chadwick Report
A series of reports in the 1840s and 1850s by Edwin Chadwick, highlighting poor living conditions and sanitation issues, leading to improvements in public health and sanitation in Britain during the 1870s and 1880s.
Define Industrial Diseases
Illnesses caused by exposure to industrial and environmental chemicals, common in modern society, including cancers, diabetes (Type II), sclerosis, and hypertension.
What was John Snow’s significant contribution to disease prevention?
John Snow identified the link between contaminated water and the spread of cholera in 1854, marking an early step in understanding waterborne diseases.
How did vaccination play a role in controlling diseases in modern society?
Vaccination helped to greatly reduce or eliminate certain diseases, such as smallpox, through preventive immunization.
What did Alexander Garden and Charles White identify as a cause of some post-partum diseases in 1795?
A) Lack of sunlight
B) Filth and poor hygiene
C) Contaminated food
D) Air pollution
B
Which of the following diseases were relatively unknown in 1900 but became common by 2000?
A) Bubonic plague and smallpox
B) Cholera and typhoid fever
C) Tuberculosis and pneumonia
D) Strokes, heart attacks, cancers, and diabetes
D
True or False: The major diseases of the 21st century, such as Type II diabetes and hypertension, are often linked to modern industrial and chemical environments.
Answer: True
Reason: These diseases are thought to be influenced by factors in our highly chemicalized and industrialized environment.
True or False: Vaccination was only effective for diseases that were spread through water sources
Answer: False
Reason: Vaccination was effective for a variety of diseases, not just waterborne ones, including airborne and contact-spread diseases like smallpox.
Explain the shift in disease prevalence from the 19th to the 21st century.
In the 19th century, infectious diseases like cholera were common, whereas in the 21st century, chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancers are more prevalent, likely due to lifestyle and environmental changes.
Describe how improvements in sanitation impacted public health in the 19th century.
Sanitation improvements, prompted by the Chadwick Report and others, helped reduce the spread of diseases like cholera by ensuring cleaner water and waste disposal, creating healthier urban environments.
Who was the first Western vaccinator?
The first Western vaccinator was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who introduced inoculation to Britain.
What is Edward Jenner known for?
Edward Jenner is known for vaccinating his son and developing the smallpox vaccine
