Textbook: Chapter 2, 2

Question 1

Who was “Mitochondrial Eve”?

A. The first human ancestor to walk upright

B. The most recent common ancestor of modern humans through matrilineal descent

C. The first hominid to use tools

D. The earliest known Neanderthal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What was significant about H. erectus in terms of technological development?

A. They used fire and created more advanced tools

B. They invented the wheel

C. They developed agriculture

D. They created complex languages

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following contributed to the adaptation of darker skin in tropical regions?

A. High levels of ultraviolet radiation

B. The need to conserve heat

C. Increased levels of Vitamin D

D. Colder climates

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What was a major effect of the closing of the Mediterranean Sea?

Answer 4

It created a large dry salt desert and lowered global temperatures.

Question 5

Describe the role of tectonic activity in evolution.

Answer 5

It created isolated environments, leading to speciation.

Question 6

The closing of the Mediterranean Sea created a large __________.

Answer 6

dry salt desert

Question 7

__________ isolation often led to smaller genetic pools and faster speciation in early human populations.

Answer 7

Geographic

Question 8

The term “Broad Spectrum Revolution” refers to a period when humans:

A) Developed agriculture and settled in villages.

B) Created specialized hunting tools for large animals.

C) Began diversifying their diet to include small game and plants.

D) Started using fire to cook meat.

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Mix and match

Answer 9

Pleistocene Epoch - Period of rapid climate shifts and glacial cycles

Out of Africa Hypothesis - Suggests a single origin point for all modern humans

H. sapiens - Known for increased brain size due to protein-rich diets

Broad Spectrum Revolution - Introduced dietary diversity, including small game and plants

Tectonic Activity - Created fragmented landscapes that encouraged speciation

Question 10

What does the Out of Africa Hypothesis propose about the origins of modern humans?

Answer 10

The Out of Africa Hypothesis proposes that all modern humans originated from a single population in Africa.

It suggests that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago and then migrated to other continents, replacing other hominid populations.

Question 11

How is the Out of Africa Hypothesis supported?

Answer 11

This theory is supported by genetic evidence, particularly mitochondrial DNA, which points to a common African ancestor known as “mitochondrial Eve.”