Week 8: Slide 18-20 Flashcards
How did market capitalism come to dominate the way in which we interact with the world around us
Market capitalism came to dominate interactions with the world by driving European imperialism and the Industrial Revolution.
The capitalist focus on profit and resource extraction fueled colonial exploitation and provided capital for industrialization.
This led to mass production and large-scale resource extraction, reshaping environments globally.
Capitalism’s emphasis on efficiency and consumption transformed economies and embedded extractive practices that continue to shape today’s interactions with the environment.
What was the primary purpose of the Atlantic Triangle in terms of capital accumulation?
The Atlantic Triangle allowed European powers to create wealth by continuously transporting valuable goods and enslaved people, with value added at each leg of the journey to enrich Europe.
Why was it important that ships in the triangular trade were never empty?
Keeping ships loaded with goods or enslaved people at every stage ensured maximum profitability, with value generated at each leg of the trade for European benefit.
How did sugar contribute to industrialism through the triangular trade?
Sugar became a highly profitable cash crop, fueling European wealth and supporting the growth of industries that relied on colonial resources, thus driving industrial expansion in Europe.
How did Britain control India’s cotton industry in the 1800s?
Britain passed restrictive laws to limit India’s textile production, convincing European consumers that Indian chintz was inferior, and promoting British-made textiles instead.
What shift in labor did European empires use in the 19th century to maintain control over colonies?
Instead of direct slavery, European powers used informal economic and legal pressures to exploit resources and transfer wealth, as seen with the destruction of India’s cloth industry.
Why did Britain begin producing opium in India and exporting it to China?
After undermining India’s cotton industry, Britain used opium exports to China to balance trade and generate revenue, contributing to the Opium Wars and weakening Chinese sovereignty.
How did Britain undermine India’s cotton textile industry in the 1800s?
A) By increasing tariffs on British textiles imported to India
B) By convincing customers that Indian chintz was inferior and passing restrictive laws
C) By promoting Indian-made textiles over British ones
D) By importing large amounts of opium from China to India
B
After the collapse of India’s cotton industry, how did Britain attempt to balance its trade with China?
A) By exporting Indian tea to China
B) By establishing new textile factories in China
C) By producing and exporting opium from India to China
D) By reducing tariffs on Chinese silk
C
Which of the following tactics did Britain use to disrupt the Indian cotton textile industry?
A) Passing laws that restricted Indian textile exports and favouring British-made textiles
B) Promoting the superiority of Indian chintz in British markets
C) Investing in Indian factories to increase textile production
D) Encouraging Indian producers to sell directly to Chinese markets
A
