Week 8: Slides and Notes 4

Question 1

What was a consequence of introducing non-native crops, like peanuts, to Africa?

Answer 1

Disruption of traditional farming practices and creation of dependency.

Question 2

Define “cash crop.”

Answer 2

A crop grown for sale rather than for local consumption.

Question 3

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous populations in the Americas?

Answer 3

Catastrophic decline due to disease and displacement.

Question 4

Describe one way capitalism fueled the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 4

Investment in new industrial processes increased productivity and wealth.

Question 5

What did the Agricultural Revolution introduce to increase soil fertility?

Answer 5

Nitrogen-fixing crops like alfalfa and clover.

Question 6

Match the following crops to their origin:

CROP
Sugar
Potatoes
Tobacco

PLACE OF ORIGIN
Andes
Americas
Caribbean

Answer 6

Sugar - Caribbean
Potatoes - Andes
Tobacco - Americas.

Question 7

What is meant by “environmental remaking” for economic gain?

Answer 7

Altering landscapes and ecosystems to benefit European economies

Question 8

How did the Enclosure Movement affect small farmers?

Answer 8

Many lost access to common lands, pushing them into wage labor.

Question 9

What does “frozen sunlight” refer to in Crosby’s terminology?

Answer 9

Fossil fuels as stored solar energy.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The Industrial Revolution led to increased ___________ of fossil fuels, leading to greater environmental impact.

Answer 10

Consumption

Question 11

What impact did imported European livestock have on Indigenous American societies?

Answer 11

Introduced diseases and changed local ecosystems.

Question 12

Why were potatoes attractive to European landowners?

Answer 12

They grew in a variety of soils and provided high yields.