WEEK 5 END OF WEEK FORMATIVE

Question 1

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E61654E75084794.png

Answer 1

D - 5mg of folic acid taken from before and until 3 months after conception to reduce the risk of spina bifida

Question 2

What is the normal folic acid taken during pregnancy? What positive benefit may taking folic acid throughout pregnancy give in epilepsy patients?

Answer 2

Normal folic acid - 400mcg through trying to get pregnant and up to 3months post-conception In epilepsy patients, may benefit from taking folic acid throughout pregnancy to prevent folate deficiency anaemia

Question 3

What is the difference of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics? What are the four areas of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 3

Pharmacokinetics - the effect the body has on the drug Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination Pharmacodynamics- he effect the drug has on the body

Question 4

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpg-1619E6590E02B57A339.png

Answer 4

A - the volume of drug distribution is increased by changes in plasma volume and fat stores

Question 5

How is absorption affected in pregnancy? How is distribution affected in pregnancy? How is metabolism affected in pregnancy? How is elimination affected in pregnancy?

Answer 5

* Absorption - morning sickness and nausea may affect drug absorption during pregnancy * Distribution - there is more free circulating drugs due to reduced protein binding Also the volume of drug distribution is increased due to changes in plasma volume and fat stores * Metabolism - the liver metabolism of some drugs is increased * Elimination - GFR is increased, therefore elimination of renally excreted drugs increases

Question 6

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E7134FC3152085E.png

Answer 6

C - the sudden need to urinate with difficulty deferring and potential associated incontinence

Question 7

What is pelvic girdle pain? When is the condition most common?

Answer 7

Pelvic girdle pain (PGP), which is also sometimes known as symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD), is a condition that causes discomfort or pain in the joints at the front or back of the pelvis. The condition is most common in women during pregnancy

Question 8

What are the symptoms of pelvic girdle pain?

Answer 8

* Low back or hip pain when bending over * Pain in legs, lower back or hips while walking, or climbing stairs * Low back or hip pain while sitting, or standing on one leg * Low back or hip pain turning over in bed * Low back or hip pain moving your legs apart * Back or hip pain during sex.

Question 9

Pelvic girdle pain typically causes a pain around the lower back - can affect the front also What are risk factors for the condition? (5 factors)

Answer 9

Those who have had PGP in a previous pregnancy and Those who are prone to lower back pain Also Those with poor sitting posture at work or at computers Those who have a BMI greater than 30 Those who have a hard labour job

Question 10

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpg-1619E7C41BF6862C726.png

Answer 10

Risk factors (5) Pelvic girdle pain in a previous pregnancy Those who are prone to lower back pain Hard labour job Poor posture while sitting Those with an increased BMI D - Time since last pregnancy is not a risk factor for PGP

Question 11

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpg-1619E7D545F178BE2AB.png

Answer 11

D - To oxygenate the foetal venous return using the right ventricle So the blood from the right ventricle that is pumped into the pulmonary trunk where the ductus arteriosus will drain the blood from here into the arch of the aorta to become oxygenated by the placneta

Question 12

WHat is the valve that directs oxygenated blood through the foramen ovale to be pumped into the aorta that will reach the brain? All the other deoxygenated blood travels to the umbilical artery and to the placenta

Answer 12

This is the Eustachian valve

Question 13

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpg-1619E820B43107B1D91.png

Answer 13

D - It is mostly made by the foetal lung The foetus only begins to swallow amnitoic fluid in the late third trimester

Question 14

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E82D0E93C962613.png

Answer 14

D - Resuscitation of term infants should commence in 100% oxygen - this is wrong it should commence in air

Question 15

What oxygen concentration should be used initially for resuscitation of preterm infants?

Answer 15

Initially a low oxygen concentration of 21-30% should be used in preterm infants despite effective ventilation, oxygenation (ideally guided by oximetry) remains unacceptable, use of a higher concentration of oxygen should be considered.

Question 16

Gestational correction simply adjusts the plot for the number of weeks a baby was born early.  Number of weeks early = 40 weeks minus gestational age at birth You should never gestationally correct for babies born after 36 weeks and 6 days. All such babies are considered “term”. What is gestation correction?

Answer 16

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpgpngjpg-1619E959DE721048BD9.png

Question 17

How long is gestational age correction carried out for children born 32-36 weeks gestation? How long is gestational age correction carried out for children born before 32 weeks gestation?

Answer 17

Gestational correction simply adjusts the plot for the number of weeks a baby was born early. * Number of weeks early = 40 weeks minus gestational age at birth You should never gestationally correct for babies born after 36 weeks and 6 days. All such babies are considered “term”. Gestational correction should be continued until: * 1 year for infants born 32-36 weeks * 2 years for infants born before 32 weeks

Question 18

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E8A8013315B6A5F.png

Answer 18

D - False Whilst monitoring growth gestation corrections should be continued until 2 years for infants born before 32 weeks

Question 19

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpg-1619E991C1441851C0E.png

Answer 19

B - Hypercholesterolaemia

Question 20

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E99CDCF28E298D7.png

Answer 20

E - All of the above Both fontanelles should be palpable on neonatal examination Dry cracked skin on trunk is normal Normal birth weight - 2.5kg (5pounds 8 ounces) to 4kg (8punds 13 ounces) Atonic neck reflex is a primitive reflex

Question 21

What is the difference between coverage and uptake for screening examinations?

Answer 21

Coverage - (the number of people screened over the number eligible) x100 Uptake - (the number of people screened / the invited population) x100 ALways a higher uptake than covergae as more people attend screening if invited

Question 22

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpg-1619E9CFECD50D808B1.png

Answer 22

E - Coverage = Screened population/Eligible population x100

Question 23

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E9D984A35F7938D.png

Answer 23

B - Age 26 Screen every 3 years for those aged 25-49 Every 5 years for those aged 50-64 Dysparenuia, and abnormal vaginal bleeding would be investigations

Question 24

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619E9E9346756685F1.png

Answer 24

C - Group B streptococcal Surfactant deficiency - this would be evident from birth Asthma - doesnt usually affect neonates Bronchiolitis - Usually preceded by flu like symptoms and doesn’t usually affect neonates

Question 25

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture2jpgpngjpg-1619EA1684A78B096B5.png

Answer 25

Resp rate - 40-60 is normal Heart rate - 120-160 is normal Temperature - 36.2 to 37.2 (36.5 to 37.5 in some resources) Low blood sugar is below 2.6mmol/l in the neonate B - Heart rate of 180bpm is an indicator