Week 2 - A - Contraception (LARC, Non-LARC, UKMEC) Flashcards
What are the two permanent (irreversible) methods of contraception?
This would be female sterilisation and male sterilisation
How is sterilisation carried out in a male and female?
Female - tubal ligation
Male - vasectomy
What is the population growth of the world per second?
2 new people per second (estimated 4 people are born every second and 2 people die every second)
What are the ideal features of perfect contraception?
100% effective 100% safe Cheap Reversible Free from side effects and easy to use
What is the most commonly used method of contraception worldwide?
- Condoms
- The pill
- Withdrawal
- Male and female sterilisation
- Implant
- Coils
- Diaphragm
- Withdrawal is the most commonly used method of contraception
What does the withdrawal method of contraception involve? Is the withdrawal method of contraception effective?
Withdrawal method of contraception is when the male ‘pulls out’ when he is about to ejaculate
It is not an effective method of contraception
Understanding the hypothalamic - pituitary - ovarian is axis is important when considering contraception What does the hypothalamus produce which acts on which part of the pituitary gland? What does the pituitary produce to cause the ovaries to produce what?
The hypothalmus produces gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to cause the production of lutienizing and follicle stimulating hormone (LH and FSH)
These stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen and progesterone
What does the secretion of oestrogen and progesterone mean for the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
What happens to the LH levels when oestrogen levels increase? (oestrogen levels increase as the follicle(granulosa cell) grows)
Oestrogen and progesterone have a negative feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus
Oestrogen levels increase as the follicle size grows and begin to have a positive feedback on the LH and FSH levels causing the LH surge which induces ovulation
How long before ovulation does the LH surge increase?
24-36 hours
You can either stop the ovary from working- highly reliable method because no egg Also block the fallopian tube- or use a method that slows the transport of the gg in the fallopian tube so by the time it reaches the uterus its dead You can affect the lining of the uterus to stop it from implanting. Where does fertilisation of the egg usually occur?
Fertilisation of the egg usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube
How long does sperm live in the female genital tract? 1. 1 day 2. 3 days 3. 5 days 4. 10 days
- Sperm tends to live 5 days
How long does the ovum tend to survive in the female genitl tract? 1) 24 hours 2) 48 hrs 3) 72 hrs 4) 96 hrs
- Tends to survive for 24 hours
Natural family planning works by observing and recording your body’s different natural signs or fertility indicators on each day of your menstrual cycle. How effective is natural family planning as a contraception mehtod? (ie identifying the bodies natural fertility indicators to alert you of when not to have sex - can then use this method to have a baby when you are ready)
Natural family planning is 99% effective if carried out properly at preventing pregnancy occurring
Natural family planning can help to avoid or plan a pregnancy - as stated before 99% effective at avoiding pregnancy if used effectively Is this allowed in all religions? What religion is contraception not allowed in?
Natural family planning is allowed in all religions
Contraception is not allowed in the Catholic church
Natural familiy planning involves 5 different things: Basal body temperture Cervical mucous Cervical position “Standard” days Breast feeding What is involved in basal body temperature? (when is temp taken, how big a rise in temp and for how long) What does the rise in basal body temperature indicate?
Basal body temperature is taken before rising in the morning
A rise in the basal body temp by 0.2degrees sustained for 3 days after previous 6 days of lower temperature indicates ovulation
What is different about the cervical mucous when looking for ovulation? What is different about the cervical position? (regarding when fertile and non-fertile)
Cervical mucous
Thick and sticky post ovulation mucous for at least 3 days of thinner watery cervical mucous
Cervical position
When fertile - cervix is high in vagina and open
When non-fertile - cervix is low in vagina and closed
Why is better to have unportected sex just before ovulation?
This is when the cervical mucous is thin and watery and therefore easier for the sperm to swim through
That is why after ovulation the cervical mucous is thicker and therefore more difficult for fertilisation to occur
In a standard 28 day menstrual cycle, which days are most fertile in a female? Which day is ovulation in a standard 28 day cycle?
Days 8-18 are most fertile in a standard 28 day cycle
day 14 would be the day of ovulation
What is the mode of action of the intrauterine system?
The mode of action is to release progesterone to prevent the implantation of an egg
Also thickens the cervical mucous to prevent sperm reaching an egg
