Week 3 - J - Cervical Screening and Public Health Flashcards
What is the 12th most common cancer in Scottish woman? When was the screening for this cancer introduced?
12th most common cancer in Scottish women is cervical cancer Screening for cervical cancer in scottish woman was introduced in 1998 - Aim is to reduce the incidence of invasive cancer of the cervix
How often is the cervical screening carried out?
All women who are registered with a GP are invited for cervical screening: * aged 25 to 49 – every 3 years * aged 50 to 64 – every 5 years * over 65 – only women who haven’t been screened since age 50 or those who have recently had abnormal testsd
What is the difference between screening and diagnosis?
Screeniening is when a test is carried out in the absence of any symptoms - screening is done on gorups Diagnostic test is when testing is carried out due to the presence of symptoms - done on single individuals
What are symptoms of cervical cancer?
Unusual vaginal bleeding between periods and after sex And dysparenuia - painful sexual intercourse
On the speculum examination, visual examination of the cervix is carried out and a smear is taken How is the smear taken and where is it taken from? What are the two most common types of cervical carcinoma? After the smear from the cervix is taken it is sent for liquid cytology to look more closely at the cells
Smear is taken by rotating the smear 10 times clockwise in the cervical os - Brush sample of the cells from the transformation zone of the cervix
Squamous carcinoma - most common
Adenocarcinoma
There is a difference between the coverage and the uptake of those who attend the cervical cancer screenin (coverage - how mnay people aattend who are elegible, uptake - how may attend after they are invited) How is the coverga eand the uptake calculated?
Coverage - (the number of people screened / the eligible population) x 100
Uptake - (the number of population screened over the invited pollution) x100
(there is a higher uptake percentage than coverage percentage as more people attend the screenings if they are invited)
What are ways to increase the coverage and uptake of the screening?
Local and national initiatives Promotion of screening programmes GP incentives Material in variety of languages
The main cause of cervical cancers are HPV (Human Papilloma virus) HPV vaccine is designed to protect against types of HPV that cause around 70% of the cases of cervical cancer in Scotland. Vaccination also protects against two other types of HPV that cause about 90% of the cases of genital warts. What are these types?
Protects against types 16and18 which cause around 70% of cervical cancers Protects against types 6and 11 which cause around 90% of genital warts
HPV vaccine does not protect against 30% cervical cancers > Screening still essential Who is the HPV vaccine offered to?
HPV vaccine is offered to girls aged 11-13 The vaccine will be offered to men who have sex with men (MSM) up to and including the age of 45 who attend sexual health or HIV clinics.
