Week 2 - J - Anatomy 2 (b) - Male reproductive system Flashcards
What are the male reproductive organs? What are the male accessory reproductive organs?
Male reproductive organs are the testis The male accessory reproductive organs are the vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland and penis
State what the boxes have arrows pointing to
- Black box - the ejaculatory duct
- Red box - the prostatic urethra
- Green box - the bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland)
- Yellow box - epididymis
What does the spongy urethra travel within?
How long is the male urethra approximately? how long is the females?
Which urethral sphincter is involuntary?
What passes through the levator ani in the male?
- Spongy urethra travels within the corpus spongiosum
- Male urethra ~20cm Female urethra ~4cm
- Internal urethral sphincter is involuntary - formed by smooth muscle of the bladder
- External urethral sphincter is voluntary - skeletal muscle
- Rectum and urethra pass through the levator ani in male
What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis? When does this organ lie posterior to the pubic bone?
Bladder is the most anteriro organ in the pelvis and lies posterior to the pubic bone when empty
What lies immediately inferior to the bladder? What lies immediately posterior to the bladder? What is the pouch formed in the peritoneal cavity by peritoneum known as in the male?
The prostate gland lies immediately inferior to the bladder The rectum lies immediately posterior The rectovesicle pouch is present in the male
What is the muscle of the bladder that forms the internal urethral sphincter? Why does it contract during ejaculation?
This muscle of the bladder is the detrusor muscle Contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation
What is the smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice? Is it found at the floor or base of the bladder? Where is the internal urethral orifice found?
The trigone is formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice and is found at the base of the bladder The internal urethral orifice is found at the floor of the bladder
Where do testis develop? What do they descend through to reach their final position at birth? What embryological structure helps to pull the testis downward?
The testis originate on the posterior wall of the abominal cavity Descend down through the inguibal canal into the scrotum bu birth via the help of the gubernaculum
during development, the testes move from their original position in the posterior abdomen, through the inguinal canal to the scrotum blood supply, drainage, lymphatics all relate back to abdomen Where is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?
The lumbar lymph nodes
The spermatic cord runs from the deep inguinal ring down to each testicle What structures are contained within the spermatic cord?
Testicular artery vas (ductus) deferens Testicular vein - pampinoform plexus of veins Lymphatic vessels Nerve fibres
What are the nerve fibres contained within the spermatic cord?
The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve which provides somatic supply to the cremaster muslce And testicular nerves (sympathetic)
What is formed by the external oblique aponeurosis? It connects from something to the pubic tubercle
This is the inguinal ligament - continuation of the external oblique aponeurosis running from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
the medial end of the combined aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominis are anchored to the pubic bone by a tendon What is this tendon known as?
This is known as the conjoint tendon
inside the scrotum the testis sit within a sac called the tunica vaginalis testis pushes into the tunica vaginalis What is fluid within the tunica vaginalis known as? What can cause it?
Fluid within the tunica vaginalis is known as a hydrocele Can be caused by a patent processus vaginalis - an embryological remnant Hydrocele is usually transilluminable
Where is sperm produced? Describe its pathway to reach the prostatic urethra?
Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules in the testis - passes to the rete testis (joins tubules with epididymis) - epididymis is located at the posterior apsect of tetsis (runs inferiorly) and becomes the vas deferens which then runs superiroly along posterior apsect of testis and through the abdominal wall as part of the spermatic cord where it joins the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct - it then enters the prrostat gland to become the prostatic urethra
Sperm is produced 1degree below core body temperature What muscle helps to control temperature of testis?
The dartos muscle - it can wrinkle / thicken the scrotal skin
the testis and epididymis are attached to the spermatic cord superiorly If the testis twist causing torsion of the spermatic cord, what can happen?
Torison can disrupt the blood supply to the testis resulting in severe pain and necrosis (happens v quickly) and this requires urgent surgery - most common in pubertal boys
Where do the testicular veins drain to? At what level do the gonadal arteries arise?
Right testicular evin drains to the IVC directly |left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein which drians into the IVC Gonadal arteries arise at L2 veretbral level
What is the other name for the bulbourethral gland? What is its function?
Cowper’s gland It secretes mucous and neutralises the acid in the urethra
the prostate gland is approximately walnut shaped surrounds the prostatic urethra the prostate gland is approximately walnut shaped surrounds the prostatic urethra What is the posterior apsect of the prostate gland in contact with?
It is contact with the levator ani muscle
Prostate gland has different zones Which region accounts for the origin of the majority of prostate cancers?
This would be the peripheral zone - 70% of cancers here
vas deferens passes superiorly in spermatic cord, to deep inguinal ring at deep inguinal ring, What direction does the vas deferens turn once it reaches the deep inguinal ring?
It turns medially at the deep inguinal ring to travel posteriorly towards the bladder
What is the anatomical position of the penis? retraction of the prepuce can constrict the neck of the glans causing the glans to swell , what is this known as? What can be done to treat it? WHat is the inability to retract the skin (foreskin or prepuce) covering the head (glans) of the penis.?
The anatomical position of the penis is erect Paraphimosis is when the retraction of the perpuce cause constriction of the glans of the penis - circumcision can be performed Inability to retract the skin covering the glans of the penis is phimosis
The penis is technically a perineal strucutre Where is root of penis attached to? What are the three cylinders that run inside the penis? become engorged with blood at arterial pressure during erection Which transmit the deep arteries of the penis? Which cyldiner is anterior?
The root of the penis attaches laterally to the ischium bone of the pelvis Corpus spngiosum is the most anteriro of the 3 cylinders - contains the urethra Corpus cavernosum x2 contains the deep arteries of the penis
