Week 10: Risk Factors to the Individual Flashcards
What is arterial insufficiency and its risk factors, and how can it contribute to tissue integrity? (3)
- Peripheral artery disease
Risk factors:
- Obesity, CAD, smoking, HTN, diabetes
- Increased risk related to slight trauma can cause arterial ulcers (between toes or tips of toes)
What is venous insufficiency and its risk factors, and how can it contribute to tissue integrity? (4)
- Edema in lower legs
- explains brown colour in lower legs
- Risk factor is diabetes
- skin tissue becomes vulnerable to trauma from minor assaults (lower calf and ankle)
What are 3 skin problems that are risks to developing impaired skin integrity?
- xerosis
- Pruritis
- Herpes Zolster (shingles)
What is xerosis? (2)
- most common skin problem
- more moisture escapes related to thin epidermis
What is the cause of xerosis? (5)
- inadequate fluid intake
- exposure to environment
- nutritional deficiencies and smoking
- drying soap
- incontinence
What is pruritus? (2)
- itchy skin and can be a result of xerosis
- Be alert for signs of infection
What is the cause of pruritis? (2)
- environmental
- can be a sign of a systemic disease
What is Herpes Zolster (shingles)? (4)
- Rash occurs along a nerve pathway (dermatone)
- Cluster of papulovesclicles
- pain and tingling along nerve pathway
- 20% have post herpatic neuralgia
What 4 foot problems are risk factors for impaired tissue integrity?
- Corns and calluses
- Bunions
- Hammer toe
- Fungal infection
What are corns and calluses?
- Growths of impacted skin that occur as a result of prolonged pressure
Who is at risk for corns and calluses and need considered treatment? (3)
- people with diabetes
- neurological impairment
- poor circulation
What are bunions? (3)
- Bony prominence
- Hereditary
- Walking can be compromised
What is a hammer toe? (2)
- A toe that is permanently flexed
- Seen in conjunction with bunions
What are fungal infections of the foot? (3)
- skin and nail can be affected
- Associated with degeneration of the nail plate
- Sides of the nails can dig into the skin like an ingrown toenail
Why is environmental exposure a risk factor to impaired tissue integrity? (3)
- Sun is the most common cause of skin damage and skin cancer
- Risk is higher for older adult
- preventable
