Unit 4 - Depression Flashcards
What is depression?
- characterized by such overwhelming sadness and despair that one feels drained of energy
What is the biopsychosocial framework based on?
- Four occurrences in the population
- Social isolation/loneliness
- Financial worries
- Genetic Predisposition
What are the four occurrences in the population for the biopsychosocial framework?
- older adults who have had depression in their younger adulthood
- Older adults who become depressed in later life
- People with dementia
- People with medical conditions
How might the 3 interacting components of affect be expressed in a depressive disorder? (5)
- low energy
- tired, do not want to do anything
- reduced activity
- less attention
- not attending to reality
How is energy expressed in a depressive disorder? (5)
- fatigue
- decreased energy
- sleep disturbance
- psychomotor agitation
- dependence, poor grooming, decreased ability to manage ADLs
How are cognitive changes expressed in depressive disorders? (2)
- decreased concentration
- suicidal thoughts or actions
How is mood expressed in depressive disorders? (3)
- loss of pleasure in usual activities
- feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- expressed despair, sadness, or irritable
What are the 4 signs of mental health disturbances, or signs of other mental disturbances?
- Psychotic features (can be seen in depression)
- Paranoia (depression)
- Delusion (depression)
- Hallucination
What are the risk factors of psychotic features? (5)
- social isolation
- sensory deficits
- physical illness
- cognitive impairment
- polypharmacy
What are psychotic features?
- resistance to doing things
- also an aspect of other MHD
What is paranoia? (2)
- intense and strongly defended irrational suspicion
- can indicate a medical emergency
What are the risk factors of paranoia? (4)
- similar to psychosis, but includes
- medications
- vision loss
- hearing loss
What are delusions? (2)
- a fixed false belief that guides a person’s interpretation of life
- can be a feature of psychosis
What are hallucinations? (2)
- hearing or seeing something that is not there (treated if disturbing)
- associated with other MHD, including Parkinson’s and Lewey Body Dementia
What are the differences in the signs of depression between the older and younger adult? (4)
- Older adults with memory impairment need to be evaluated for depression
- older more likely to have physical complaints (somatic)
- somatic complaints can be difficult to distinguish from chronic conditions
- more complaints of memory loss*
- not as likely to complain of guilt and worthlessness