Unit 4 - Depression Flashcards
What is depression?
- characterized by such overwhelming sadness and despair that one feels drained of energy
What is the biopsychosocial framework based on?
- Four occurrences in the population
- Social isolation/loneliness
- Financial worries
- Genetic Predisposition
What are the four occurrences in the population for the biopsychosocial framework?
- older adults who have had depression in their younger adulthood
- Older adults who become depressed in later life
- People with dementia
- People with medical conditions
How might the 3 interacting components of affect be expressed in a depressive disorder? (5)
- low energy
- tired, do not want to do anything
- reduced activity
- less attention
- not attending to reality
How is energy expressed in a depressive disorder? (5)
- fatigue
- decreased energy
- sleep disturbance
- psychomotor agitation
- dependence, poor grooming, decreased ability to manage ADLs
How are cognitive changes expressed in depressive disorders? (2)
- decreased concentration
- suicidal thoughts or actions
How is mood expressed in depressive disorders? (3)
- loss of pleasure in usual activities
- feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- expressed despair, sadness, or irritable
What are the 4 signs of mental health disturbances, or signs of other mental disturbances?
- Psychotic features (can be seen in depression)
- Paranoia (depression)
- Delusion (depression)
- Hallucination
What are the risk factors of psychotic features? (5)
- social isolation
- sensory deficits
- physical illness
- cognitive impairment
- polypharmacy
What are psychotic features?
- resistance to doing things
- also an aspect of other MHD
What is paranoia? (2)
- intense and strongly defended irrational suspicion
- can indicate a medical emergency
What are the risk factors of paranoia? (4)
- similar to psychosis, but includes
- medications
- vision loss
- hearing loss
What are delusions? (2)
- a fixed false belief that guides a person’s interpretation of life
- can be a feature of psychosis
What are hallucinations? (2)
- hearing or seeing something that is not there (treated if disturbing)
- associated with other MHD, including Parkinson’s and Lewey Body Dementia
What are the differences in the signs of depression between the older and younger adult? (4)
- Older adults with memory impairment need to be evaluated for depression
- older more likely to have physical complaints (somatic)
- somatic complaints can be difficult to distinguish from chronic conditions
- more complaints of memory loss*
- not as likely to complain of guilt and worthlessness
Is later life depression clearly linked to family history of depression?
no
What are the rates of suicide in older adults? (2)
- more lethal in older adults than younger
- rate for white “oldest” men is higher than the general population
What type of olde adult populations have depression?
younger adults, ppl diagnosed early life, dementia, etc.
