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the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter > Weather in the Computer Era > Flashcards

Weather in the Computer Era Flashcards

1
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Nil Turbulence

(Nil means none)

Line through circle slants left

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2
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Nil Icing

(Nil means none)

Line through circle slants right

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3
Q
A

PIREP Reporting less than Light Turbulence

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4
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Light Turbulence

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5
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Light to Moderate Turbulence

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6
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Moderate Turbulence

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7
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Moderate to Severe Turbulence

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8
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Severe Turbulence

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9
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Extreme Turbulence

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10
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Trace Icing

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11
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Trace to Light Icing

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12
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Light Icing

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13
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Light to Moderate Icing

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14
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Moderate Icing

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15
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Moderate to Severe Icing

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16
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Severe Icing

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17
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Low-Level Wind Shear

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18
Q
A

PIREP Reporting Other Phenomena

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19
Q
A

Convective SIGMET Area

Also depicts cloud top heights

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20
Q
A

Icing SIGMET area

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21
Q
A

IFR SIGMET Area

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22
Q
A

Tropical Cyclone SIGMET Area

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23
Q
A

Tornado Warning Area

Depicted only on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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24
Q
A

Thunderstorm SIGMET Area

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25
Q
A

Turbulence SIGMET Area

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26
Q
A

Ice Storm Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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27
Q
A

Lake Effect Snow Warning Area

(Primarily on and around the Great Lakes)

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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28
Q
A

Severe Thunderstorm Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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29
Q
A

Storm Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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30
Q
A

Volcanic Ash SIGMET Area

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31
Q
A

Blizzard Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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32
Q
A

Gale Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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33
Q
A

High Wind Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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34
Q
A

Winter Storm Warning Area

Only depicted on Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) charts.

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35
Q

What is the wind speed and direction? (Up is North)

A

0 knots sustained

20 knot gusts

From the North (Stick indicates direction the wind is from)

Red barbs (lines) or half barbs indicate gust

Add all black flags and barbs then red flags and barbs to get total gust

Circle around the station indicates calm winds

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36
Q

What is the wind speed and direction? (Up is North)

A

45 knots

From the West (Stick indicates direction the wind is from)

Full barbs (lines) indicate 10 knots

Half barbs (lines) indicate 5 knots

Add all together to get total wind speed

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37
Q

What is the wind speed and direction? (Up is North)

A

80 knots

From the west (Stick indicates direction the wind is from)

A flag (Triangle) indicates 50 knots

A full barb (Line) indicates 10 knots

Add together for total wind speed

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38
Q

What is the wind speed and direction? (Up is North)

A

100 knots

From the West (Stick indicates direction the wind is from)

A Flag (Triangle) indicates 50 knots of wind

Add together for total wind speed

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39
Q

What is the Wind Speed and Direction? (Up is North)

A

Wind speed: 10 knots gusting to 20 knots

Direction: From the Northeast

Barbs (lines) always point in direction wind is coming from.

Black barbs are sustained winds while red barbs are the gusts.

Full barbs indicate 10 knots

Add black barbs together for total wind speed then add red barbs for total gusts.

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40
Q

What is the Temperature and Dew Point?

A

Temperature: 62 degrees Fahrenheit

Dew Point: 34 degrees Fahrenheit

Top left number is temperature, bottom left number is Dew Point.

Always in Fahrenheit.

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41
Q

What is the Cloud Cover and Flight Category?

A

Cloud Cover: Skies Clear

Flight Category: VFR

Fill of center circle indicates cloud cover in eighths (0/8 sky coverage, here). Color of center circle indicates flight category.

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42
Q

What is the Ground Visibility?

A

10 Statute Miles

Center left number is the reported visibility in Statute Miles (SM).

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43
Q

What is the Pressure?

A

29.76 “Hg

Top right number reports pressure. First number is removed and will be a 2 or 3, whichever will bring it closer to 30.00 “Hg.

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44
Q

What is the Cloud Cover?

A

Cloud Cover: Missing

Cloud cover information is missing/not reported.

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45
Q

What is the Present Weather?

A

Haze

Present weather is reported between the Temperature and Dew Point. The “infinity” symbol between the Temperature and Dew point means Haze.

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46
Q

What is the Present Weather?

A

Heavy Rain

Present weather is reported between the temperature and dewpoint.

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47
Q

What is a G-AIRMET?

A

A graphical advisory of weather that may be hazardous to aircraft but are less severe than SIGMETS

Only valid at specific times/snapshots

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48
Q

What time periods does a single G-AIRMET publishment have forecasts for?

A

Discrete times 3 hr apart for a period of up to 12 hr into the future (00, 03, 06, and 09 hr into the future)

…this would consist of one G-Airmet issuance

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49
Q

When are G-AIRMETS issued?

A

0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100Z (with updates issued as necessary)

…each of these updates consists of time blocks that shows the forecast for every 3 hrs into the future (I.e. so the 0300 forecast would have estimates for 3,6,9, and 12 hr into the future from 0300)

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50
Q
A

Smoke or Volcanic Ash
FU VA

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51
Q
A

Haze
HZ

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52
Q
A

Sand or Dust
SA or DU

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53
Q
A

Blowing Dust/Blowing Sand
BLDU/BLSA

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54
Q
A

Dust Devil
PO

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55
Q
A

Vicinity Sand Storm
VCSS

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56
Q
A

Mist or Light Fog
BR

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57
Q
A

More or less continuous shallow fog
MIFG

(Less than 6 feet thick)

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58
Q
A

Vincity Thunderstorm
VCTS

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59
Q
A

Vicinity Showers
VCSH

60
Q
61
Q
A

Funnel Cloud or Tornado
FC

62
Q
A

Sand Storm
SS

63
Q
A

Strong Sand Storm
+SS

64
Q
A

Drifting Snow
DRSN

65
Q
A

Blowing Snow
BLSN

66
Q
A

Freezing Fog
FZFG

67
Q
A

Freezing Fog, sky discernible

68
Q
69
Q
A

Fog, sky discernible
PRFG

70
Q
A

Patchy Fog
BCFG

71
Q
A

Vicinity Fog
VCFG

72
Q
A

Unknown Precipitation/Weather
UP

73
Q
A

Light Drizzle
-DZ

74
Q
75
Q
A

Heavy Drizzle
+DZ

76
Q
A

Light Freezing Drizzle
-FZDZ

77
Q
A

Moderate to heavy freezing drizzle
FZDZ
+FZDZ

78
Q
A

Light drizzle and rain
-DZRA

79
Q
A

Moderate to heavy drizzle and rain
DZRA

81
Q
A

Virga or precipitation not hitting the ground
VIRGA

82
Q
A

Light Rain and Snow
-RASN

83
Q
A

Moderate to Heavy Rain and Snow
RASN
+RASN

84
Q
A

Light Freezing Rain
-FZRA

85
Q
A

Moderate to Heavy Freezing Rain
FZRA
+FZRA

86
Q
A

Light Rain
-RA

87
Q
A

Moderate Rain
RA

88
Q
A

Heavy Rain
+RA

89
Q
A

Light Snow
-SN

90
Q
A

Moderate Snow
SN

91
Q
A

Heavy Snow
+SN

92
Q
A

Snow Grains
SG

93
Q
A

Ice Crystals
IC

94
Q
A

Ice Pellets
PE PL

95
Q
A

Light Rain Showers
-SHRA

96
Q
A

Moderate to Heavy Rain Showers
SHRA
+SHRA

97
Q
A

Light Rain and Snow Shower
-SHRASN

98
Q
A

Moderate to Heavy Rain and Snow Showers
SHRASN
+SHRASN

99
Q
A

Light Snow Showers
-SHSN

100
Q
A

Moderate to Heavy Snow Showers
SHSN
+SHSN

101
Q
A

Light showers with small hail
-GS

102
Q
A

Moderate to heavy showers with small hail
GS

103
Q
A

Light showers with hail, not with thunder
-GR

104
Q
A

Moderate to heavy showers with hail, not with thunder
GR

105
Q
A

Thunderstorm with or without precipitation
TS

106
Q
A

Thunderstorm with light to moderate rain
TSRA

107
Q
A

Thunderstorm with light to moderate snow
TSSN

108
Q
A

Thunderstorm with heavy rain
+TSRA

109
Q
A

Thunderstorm with heavy snow
+TSSN

110
Q
A

Thunderstorm with light to moderate hail
TSGR

111
Q
A

Thunderstorm with heavy hail

112
Q
A

Clear
CLR

0/8

113
Q
A

Few
FEW

1/8 - 2/8

114
Q
A

Scattered
SCT

3/8 - 4/8

115
Q
A

Broken
BKN

5/8 - 7/8

116
Q
A

Overcast
OVC

8/8

117
Q
A

Vertical Visibility
VV/OVX

118
Q
119
Q

Flight Category

A

No ceiling or ceiling greater than 3,000 feet AGL and greater than 5 mile visibility

VFR

120
Q

Flight Category

A

VFR with non-ceiling clouds below 3,000 ft AGL

VFR*

121
Q

Flight Category

A

1,000 to 3,000 feet AGL and/or 3 to 5 miles

MVFR

122
Q

Flight Category

A

500 to below 1,000 feet AGL and/or 1 miles to less than 3 miles

IFR

123
Q

Flight Category

A

Below 500 feet and/or less than 1 mile

LIFR

124
Q
A

Cold front

125
Q
A

Warm front

126
Q
A

Stationary front

127
Q
A

Occluded front

128
Q
129
Q
130
Q
131
Q
132
Q
A

Tropical Storm

133
Q
A

Cold frontogenesis

134
Q
A

Warm frontogenesis

135
Q
A

Stationary frontogenesis

136
Q
A

Stationary frontolysis

137
Q
A

Warm frontolysis

138
Q
A

Cold frontolysis

139
Q
A

Change of front type

140
Q
A

Occluded frontolysis

141
Q
A

High Pressure Center

142
Q
A

Low Pressure Center

143
Q
A

Tropical Wave

144
Q
A

Tropical Depression

145
Q
146
Q

What is the percentage for a chance of precipitation?

A

25% to less than 55%

147
Q

What is the percentage for precipitation is likely?

A

55% or greater

the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter (32 decks)

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