All Things ADS-B Flashcards
What does ADS-B stand for?
Automatic
Dependent
Surveillance
Broadcast
What frequencies do ADS-B use?
978/1090
Which service do you get traffic alerts on?
TIS-B
Which service do you get weather products on, in flight?
FIS-B
What is the line of sight range of an ADS-B radio station?
150NM
What FAR applies to ADS-B out equipment requirements?
§91.227
What is the current date requirement for ADS-B installation and use?
Jan 1, 2020
Is ADS-B coverage available in Hawaii for both ground and Satellite?
Yes
Is ADS-B coverage available in Guam for both ground and Satellite?
Yes
Is ADS-B coverage available in Puerto Rico for both ground and Satellite?
Yes
Can ADS-B ground stations be installed on offshore rigs?
Yes
Where is ADS-B required?
Class B, C airspace, within a Mode C Veil (up to 10,000ft), above the lateral boundaries of a class B/C airspace (up to 10,000ft), class E airspace at and above 10,000ft within the 48 states (excluding 2500ft from surface), Class E airspace at and above 3,000ft MSL over the Gulf of Mexico from coast out to 12nm.
What aircraft does not need to meet ADS-B requirements?
An aircraft that was not originally certificated with an electrical system, or that has not subsequently been certified with such a system installed, including balloons and gliders.
Where must operations be conducted if your aircraft was not certified with ADS-B?
Outside of class B/C airspace, below ceiling of class B/C airspace designated for an airport, or 10,000ft MSL, whichever is lower.
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
AIRMET
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 5 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
AWW/WW
Update Interval: As available, then at 15 min intervals for 1 hr
Transmission Interval: 5 min
Basic Product: No
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Ceiling
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
Basic Product: No
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Convective SIGMET
Update Interval: As available, then at 15 min intervals for 1 hr
Transmission Interval: 5 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
D-ATIS
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 1 min
Basic Product: No
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Echo Top
Update Interval: 5 min
Transmission Interval: 5 min
Basic Product: No
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
METAR/SPECI
Update Interval: 1 min (where available), As available otherwise
Transmission Interval: 5 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
MRMS NEXRAD (CONUS)
Update Interval: 2 min
Transmission Interval: 15 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
MRMS NEXRAD (Regional)
Update Interval: 2 min
Transmission Interval: 2.5 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
NOTAMS - TFR
Update Interval: As Available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
NOTAMS - D/FDC
Update Interval: As Available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
PIREP
Update Interval: As Available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
SIGMET
Update Interval: As available, then at 15 min intervals for 1 hr
Transmission Interval: 5 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
SUA Status
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
Basic Product: Yes
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
TAF/AMENDED
Update Interval: 6 hours (+/- 15 min)
Transmission Interval: 10 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Temperature Aloft
Update Interval: 12 hours (+/- 15 min)
Transmission Interval: 10 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
TWIP (Terminal WX Information for Pilots) - descriptions of wind shear
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 1 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Winds Aloft
Update Interval: 12 hours (+/-15 min)
Transmission Interval: 10 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Lightning Strikes
Update Interval: 5 min
Transmission Interval: 5 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Turbulence
Update Interval: 1 min
Transmission Interval: 15 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Icing, Forecast Potential (FIP)
Update Interval: 60 min
Transmission Interval: 15 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Cloud Tops
Update Interval: 30 min
Transmission Interval: 15 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
1 minute AWOS
Update Interval: 1 min
Transmission Interval: 10 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Graphical-AIRMET
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 5 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Center Weather Advisory (CWA)
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Temporary Restricted Areas (TRA)
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
FIS-B Update/Transmission Interval
Temporary Military Operations Areas (TMOA)
Update Interval: As available
Transmission Interval: 10 min
Update Interval
The rate at which the product data is available from the source
Transmission Interval
The amount of time within which a new or updated product transmission must be completed (95%) and the rate at which the product is rebroadcast (95%).
How accurate must update and transmission interval be accurate (in percentage)
95%
NOTAM-D and NOTAM-FDC products broadcast via FIS-B are limited to those issued or effective within the past ____ days.
30
Can the update and transmission intervals for the expanded set of basic meteorological products be adjusted by a vendor?
Yes; the FAA and vendor agreement on the final product formats and and performance requirements may be adjusted based on this agreement
What does FIS-B stand for?
Flight Information Service Broadcast (FAA’s version of FIS product)
What is FIS?
Flight Information Service = a method of disseminating meteorological (MET) and aeronautical (AI) information to displays in the cockpit.
What is the goal of FIS products?
To enhance pilot situational awareness, provide decision support tools, and improve safety.
Are FIS intended to replace traditional pilot and controller/flight service specialist/aircraft dispatcher preflight briefings or inflight voice communications?
No; it is meant to help provide textual and graphical info that can help abbreviate and improve the usefulness of such communications. AUGMENTATION of existing structure
DSP
Datalink Service Provider = deploy and maintain airborne, ground-based, and space-based infrastructure that supports the transmission of AI/MET info over one or more physical links.
They may provide a free or for-fee service that permits users to uplink and downlink info.
Ex. Free = FAA’s FIS-B
For Fee = Non-FAA FIS systems (Sirius XM?)
AI
Aeronautical Information
MET
Meteorological Information
Is FIS-B airborne, ground-based, or space-based?
Ground Based
UAT
ADS-B Universal Access Transceiver network = the ground-based broadcast system
What is a limitation of FIS-B services
Line of sight
Which ADS-B frequency is FIS-B provided through?
978 Mhz
Non FAA FIS Systems
Other commercial vendors provide similar and different FIS data over other frequencies
What should pilots be aware of when using Non FAA FIS systems?
They should be knowledgeable regarding WX services being provided since some vendors may be repackaging NWS sourced WX whiles others may alter the WX info to provide vendor specific reports and forecasts.
What are the 3 data link modes for FIS
- Broadcast Mode
- Contract/Demand Mode
- Contract/Update Mode
Broadcast Mode
A one-way interaction in which AI and/or MET updates applicable to a designated geographic area are continuously transmitted (or transmitted and repeated at periodic intervals) to all aircraft capable of receiving the broadcast in the svc volume
Contract/Demand Mode
A two-way interaction in which AI and/or MET info is transmitted to an aircraft in response to a specific request
Contract/Update Mode
A two-way interaction that is an extension of Demand Mode.
Initial reports are sent to an aircraft and subsequent updates or changes to the AI/MET info that meet contract criteria are automatically or manually sent to the aircraft.
Should FIS serve as the sole source of aviation weather?
No
What is one way FIS enhances pilots’ situational awareness in combination with radio wx information?
They may alert pilots to specific areas of concern that will allow them to more accurately focus requests made to FSS or AOCC or ATC for updates.
Tactical Avoidance of Severe Weather
Timeframe of less than 3 min
Strategic Avoidance of Severe Weather
Timeframe of 20 min or more
Should FIS aviation wx products (i.e. radar images) be used for tactical avoidance through a wx hazard area?
NO!
FIS supports strategic wx decision making such as…
Route selection to avoid a wx hazard (TS etc. OR TFR maneuvering!) in its entirety
Factors affecting how much information pilots should put on a FIS display at a time…
Phase of flight
Single Pilot Operations
Autopilot availability
Class of Airspace
Weather Conditions Encountered
What should FIS-B users familiarize themselves with?…
Operational characteristics and limitations
-System architecture
-Service Environment
-Product lifecycles
-Modes of operation
-Indications of system failure
What type of NOTAM will be provided even if it is more than 30 days old?
TFR notams
What type of NOTAM will be provided even if it is more than 30 days old?
TFR notams
How should FIS-B malfunctions be reported?
By Radio or telephone to the nearest FSS facility
or
By sending an email to the ADS-B help desk at adsb@faa.gov
What should be included in a FIS-B malfunction report?
- Condition observed
- Date and time of observation
- Altitude and location of observation
- Type and call sign of the aircraft; and
- Type and software version of avionics