AIM Chapter 7 Safety of Flight Flashcards

1
Q

What are some errors altimeters are subject to?

A

Instrument error
Position error
Nonstandard atmospheric pressure
Nonstandard temperatures

AIM 7-2-1

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2
Q

What will the altimeter show if it is set to a pressure lower than the actual pressure?

A

The true altitude will be higher

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3
Q

What will the altimeter show if it is set to a pressure higher than the actual pressure?

A

The true altitude will be lower

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4
Q

When should the accuracy of the altimeter be questioned?

A

When it is set to the current altimeter setting and the indicated altitude differs by more than plus or minus 75 feet

AIM 7-2-3(a)(3)

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5
Q

Set the altimeter to a current reported altimeter setting from a station along the route and within ____ NM of the aircraft

A

100 NM

AIM 7-2-3(c)(1)(a)(1)

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6
Q

What should be done if there is no reported altimeter?

A

Set the altimeter to the elevation of the departure airport

AIM 7-2-3(c)(1)(a)(3)

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7
Q

When will a NOTAM be issued in reference to pressure?

A

When the barometric pressure exceeds 31.00” Hg

AIM 7-2-3(c)(1)(b)

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8
Q

Is flight prohibited if the altimeter setting is over 31.00” Hg?

A

No, but restrictions are placed on flight:
Set the altimeter to 31.00” Hg
No additional restrictions apply to VFR aircraft. Caution must be exercised
Airports that are unable to accuratly measure pressure above 31.00” Hg will be restricted to VFR flight only

AIM 7-2-3(c)(1)(b)

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9
Q

At what altitude is the altimeter set to 29.92” Hg?

A

18,000ft MSL

AIM 7-2-3(c)(2)

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10
Q

What is the standard temperature lapse rate?

A

2 degrees Celsius per 1,000 feet
(3.6 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 feet)

AIM 7-3-1(a)

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11
Q

If the temperature is colder than standard, what will the altimeter show?

A

The aircraft’s true altitude will be lower than the indicated altitude

AIM 7-3-1(a)

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12
Q

If the temperature is warmer than standard, what will the altimeter show?

A

The aircraft’s true altitude will be higher than the indicated altitude

AIM 7-3-1(a)

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13
Q

What is wake turbulence?

A

A function of an aircraft producing lift, resulting in the formation of two counter-rotating voritices trailing behind the aircraft

AIM 7-4-1(a)

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14
Q

How does a vortex generate?

A

The pressure differential between the high pressure underneath the wing and the low pressure on top of the wing causes the airlow to roll up at the rear of the wing resulting in a swirling air mass trailing downstream of the wing tips

AIM 7-4-2(a)

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15
Q

Where is a wake vortex the strongest?

A

Within a few feet of the vortex core

AIM 7-4-2(a)

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16
Q

Do winglets affect wake turbulence generation?

A

No

AIM 7-4-2(b)

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17
Q

What aircraft configuration generates the greatest vortex strength?

A

Heavy, Clean, and Slow

AIM 7-4-3(a)

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18
Q

How does a wake vortex circulate?

A

Outward, upward, and around the wing tips

AIM 7-4-4(a)(2)

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19
Q

How fast do wake vorticies sink?

A

Several hundered feet per minute

AIM 7-4-4(a)(3)

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20
Q

How should a pilot follow behind an aircraft that is generating wake vorities?

A

Fly at or above the preceding aircraft’s flight path

AIM 7-4-4(a)(3)

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21
Q

When close to the ground, how fast do wake voritices tend to move laterally?

A

2 or 3 knots

AIM 7-4-4(a)(4)

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22
Q

Who is ultimately responsible for maintaining appropriate separation from wake turbulence?

A

The pilot

AIM 7-4-4(a)(5)

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23
Q

What condition will cause wake vorticies to remain over the runway for the longest time?

A

Light quartering tailwinds

AIM 7-4-4(b)

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24
Q

When operating behind an aircraft producing wake turbulence, where should the pilot avoid flying?

A

Below and behind, especially at low altitudes

AIM 7-4-5(b)

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25
Q

How should a pilot adjust their flight path when landing behind a large aircraft on the same runway?

A

Stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final flight path and land beyond its touchdown point

AIM 7-4-6(a)(1)

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26
Q

How should a pilot adjust their flight path when landing behind a large aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500ft?

A

Consider possible drift of the vorities to the other runway
Stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path

AIM 7-4-6(a)(2)

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27
Q

How should a pilot adjust their flight path when landing behind a larger aircraft on a crossing runway?

A

Cross above the larger aircraft’s flight path

AIM 7-4-6(a)(3)

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28
Q

How should a pilot adjust their flight path when landing behind a departing larger aircraft on the same runway?

A

Land wll prior to the larger aircraft’s point of rotation

AIM 7-4-6(a)(4)

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29
Q

How should a pilot adjust their flight path when landing behind a departing larger aircraft on a crossing runway?

A

If the larger aircraft rotated past the intersection, land prior to the intersection
If the larger aircraft rotated before the intersection, avoid flight below the larger aircraft’s flight path

AIM 7-4-6(a)(5)

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30
Q

How should a pilot adjust their takeoff when departing behind a larger aircraft?

A

Rotate prior to the larger aircraft’s point of rotation and climb above the larger aircraft’s climb path. Avoid heading that will cross below and behind the larger aircraft

AIM 7-4-6(a)(6)

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31
Q

How should a pilot adjust their takeoff when departing behind a larger aircraft on an intersecting runway?

A

Be alert of the larger aircraft operations and avoid headings that will cross below the larger aircraft’s flight path

AIM 7-4-6(a)(7)

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32
Q

If a large aircraft is executing a low approach, missed approach, or touch-an-go, how long should a pilot wait before executing a takeoff or landing?

A

2 minutes

AIM 7-4-6(a)(8)

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33
Q

How far should pilot’s of small aircraft avoid a helicopter?

A

Three times the rotro diameter

AIM 7-4-7

34
Q

Do helicopters produce wake turbulence?

A

While not necessarily wake turbulence, the rotor downwash produces similar characteristics and should be treated the same

AIM 7-4-7

35
Q

When operating at the same altitude or less than 1,000ft below, how far behind a super will a heavy be separated?

A

6 miles

AIM 7-4-9(a)(1)(a)

36
Q

When operating at the same altitude or less than 1,000ft below, how far behind a super will a large aircraft be separated?

A

7 miles

AIM 7-4-9(a)(1)(b)

37
Q

When operating at the same altitude or less than 1,000ft below, how far behind a super will a small aircraft be separated?

A

8 miles

AIM 7-4-9(a)(1)(c)

38
Q

When operating at the same altitude or less than 1,000ft below, how far behind a heavy will a heavy aircraft be separated?

A

4 miles

AIM 7-4-9(a)(1)(d)

39
Q

When operating at the same altitude or less than 1,000ft below, how far behind a heavy will a large or small aircraft be separated?

A

5 miles

AIM 7-4-9(a)(1)(e)

40
Q

When operating at the same altitude or less than 500ft below, how far behind a B757 will a small aircraft be separated?

A

4 miles

AIM 7-4-9(a)(1)(f)

41
Q

When landing behind a heavy, how far will a small be separated?

A

6 miles
Measured at the time the preceding aircraft is over the landing threshold

AIM 7-4-9(a)(2)(a)

42
Q

When landing behind a large, non-B757, how far will a small be separated?

A

4 miles
Measures at the time the preceding aircraft is over the landing threshold

AIM 7-4-9(a)(2)(b)

43
Q

When departing from the same runway, parallel runway, or crossing runway behind a super aircraft, how long will ATC hold the departing aircraft?

A

3 minutes or appropriate radar separation
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(b)(1)

44
Q

When departing from the same runway, parallel runway, or crossing runway behind a heavy aircraft, how long will ATC hold the departing aircraft?

A

2 minutes or appropriate radar separation
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(b)(2)

45
Q

When a small aircraft is departing from the same runway, parallel runway, or crossing runway behind a B757, how long will ATC hold the departing aircraft?

A

2 minutes or appropriate radar separation
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(b)(3)

46
Q

When a small aircraft is departing from an intersection on the same runway (same or opposite direction) behind a departing large aircraft (except B757), how long will they have to wait?

A

3 minutes
May be waived by the pilot

AIM 7-4-9(c)(1)

47
Q

When a small aircraft is departing in the opposite direction on the same runway behind a large aircraft (except B757) takeoff or low/missed approach, how long will they have to wait?

A

3 minutes
May be waived by the pilot

AIM 7-4-9(c)(2)

48
Q

When a small aircraft is departing from an intersection on the same runway (same or opposite direction) behind a departing B757, how long will they have to wait?

A

3 minutes
May not be waived

AIM 7-4-9(d)(1)

49
Q

When a small aircraft is departing in the opposite direction on the same runway behind a B757 takeoff or low/missed approach, how long will they have to wait?

A

3 minutes
May not be waived

AIM 7-4-9(d)(2)

50
Q

When any aircraft is departing from an intersection on the same runway (same or opposite direction) behind a departing heavy, how long will they have to wait?

A

3 minutes
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(e)

51
Q

When any aircraft is departing from an intersection on the same runway (same or opposite direction) behind a departing super, how long will they have to wait?

A

4 minutes
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(e)

52
Q

When any aircraft is departing in the opposite direction on the same runway behind a heavy takeoff or low/missed approach, how long will they have to wait?

A

3 minutes
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(e)

53
Q

When any aircraft is departing in the opposite direction on the same runway behind a super takeoff or low/missed approach, how long will they have to wait?

A

4 minutes
Controllers may not waive this interval

AIM 7-4-9(e)

54
Q

Can a pilot request additional separation for wake turbulence avoidance?

A

Yes. This request should be made as soon as practical on ground control

AIM 7-4-9(f)

55
Q

What is RECAT?

Wake Turbulence

A

Wake Turbulence Recategorization
A wake-based categorical system that utilizes the aircraft matrices of weight, wingspan, and approach speed. Used at a limited number of airport

AIM 7-4-10(b)

56
Q

What are the most frequent causes of general aviation accidents that involve the pilot-in-command?

A
  1. Inadequate preflight preparation and/or planning
  2. Failure to obtain and/or maintain flying speed
  3. Failure to maintain direction control
  4. Improper level off
  5. Failure to see and avoid objects or other obstructions
  6. Mismanagement of fuel
  7. Improper inflight decisions or planning
  8. Misjudgment of distance or speed
  9. Selection of unsuitable terrain
  10. Improper operation of flight controls

AIM 7-6-1(a)

57
Q

Where does the highest percentage of near midair collisions occur?

A

Below 8,000ft AGL and within 30 miles of an airport

AIM 7-6-3

58
Q

By how far should skeletal structures be avoided?

A

2,000ft horizontally

AIM 7-6-4(b)

59
Q

How far can guy wires extend?

A

1,500ft horizontally

AIM 7-6-4(b)

60
Q

How tall can wind turbines be?

A

Over 499ft AGL

AIM 7-6-4(d)

61
Q

Where are the medium-intensity, flashing red lights placed on wind turbines?

A

The turbine nacelle (not the blade tip)

AIM 7-6-4(d)

62
Q

At what wind speeds are light aircraft advised to not fly over the mountains?

A

35 mph

AIM 7-6-7(b)

63
Q

Downdrafts of what speeds can be seen on the leeward side of a mountain?

A

1,500 to 2,000 fpm

AIM 7-6-7(C)

64
Q

When will “Check Density Altitude” be broadcast?

A

At airports with elevations of 2,000 feet an higher with a control tower or FSS when the temperatrue reaches a predetermined level

AIM 7-6-7(i)(1)

65
Q

How far can mountain waves extend downwind from the Rockies?

A

700 miles

AIM 7-6-7(j)(1)

66
Q

How much wind is required for a mountain wave to develop?

A

Winds 15 knots or better blowing across at an angle of not less than 30 degrees

AIM 7-6-7(j)(1)

67
Q

What kind of conditions can a pilot expect when flying on the upwind side of a moutain range?

A

A smooth updraft

AIM 7-6-7(j)(2)

68
Q

What kind of conditions can a pilot expect when flying on the leeward side of a mountain range?

A

Turblent with strong downdrafts

AIM 7-6-7

69
Q

How should a pilot approach a mountain range if approaching from the downwind side?

A

45 degree angle to horizontal direction of the ridge

AIM 7-6-7(j)(3)

70
Q

What does this mean?

A

Typical Runway Half-way Sign at Unimproved Airports

AIM 7-6-8

71
Q

Is a seaplane considered a vessel when on the water?

A

Yes

AIM 7-6-9(b)

72
Q

Can ATC radar detect ash clouds?

A

No

AIM 7-6-10(b)

73
Q

What are some indications of a volcanic dust cloud?

A
  1. Smoke or dust appearing in the cockpit
  2. An acrid odor similar to electrical smoke
  3. Multiple engine-malfunctions, such as compressor stalls, increasing EGT, torching from tailpipe, and flameouts
  4. At night, St. Elmo’s fire or other static discharges accompanied by a bright orange flow in the engine inlets
  5. A fire warning in the forward cargo area

AIM 7-6-10(d)

74
Q

When can a pilot expect possible precipitation static?

A

Rain, snow, fog, sleet, hail, volcanic ash, dust
Any solid or liquid particles

AIM 7-6-12(a)

75
Q

What are possible indications of precipitation static?

A

Complete loss of VHF communications
Erroneous magnetic compass reading
High pitched squeal on audio
Motor boat sound on audio
Loss of all avionics in clouds
VLF navigation system inoperative most of the time
Erratic instrument readouts
Weak transmissions and poor recetivity of radios
St. Elmo’s Fire on the windshield

AIM 7-6-12(b)

76
Q

How often will a caution relating to lasers be broadcasted?

A

Every 5 minutes for 20 minutes and on the ATIS for one hour following the report

AIM 7-6-13(g)

77
Q

What is “Flat Light”?

A

Flat light is an optical illusion, also known as “sector or partial white out.” It is not as severe as “white out” but the condition causes pilots to lose their depth-of-field and contrast in vision. Flat light conditions are usually accompanied by overcast skies inhibiting any visual clues

AIM 7-6-14(a)

78
Q

What is “Brown Out”?

A

A brownout (or brown-out) is an in-flight visibility restriction due to dust or sand in the air. In a brownout, the pilot cannot see nearby objects which provide the outside visual references necessary to control the aircraft near the ground. This can cause spatial disorientation and loss of situational awareness leading to an accident

AIM 7-6-14(b)

79
Q

What is a “White Out”?

A

White out occurs when a person becomes engulfed in a uniformly white glow. The glow is a result of being surrounded by blowing snow, dust, sand, mud, or water. there are no shadows, nor horizon or clouds, and all depth-of-field and orientation are lost

AIM 7-6-14(c)

80
Q

How should a pilot alter their flight path when flying near smokestacks or cooling towers?

A

Remain clear of the plume and fly on the upwind side

AIM 7-6-16

81
Q

What qualifies as a near midair?

A

A proximity of less than 500 feet to another aircraft

AIM 7-7-3(b)

82
Q

Where should near midair collision reports be filed?

A

By radio or telephone to the nearest FAA ATC or FSS facility
In writing, in lieu to ATC, FSS, or FSDO

AIM 7-7-3(d)