AIM Chapter 8 Medical Facts for Pilots Flashcards
Medical Facts for Pilots
Where can pilots find the standards for medical certification?
14 CFR Part 67
AIM 8-1-1(a)
What is the safest rule when suffering from any illness?
Do not fly
AIM 8-1-1(b)(2)
How much alcohol can impair flying?
1 oz of liquor
1 bottle of beer
4 oz of wine
AIM 8-1-1(d)(1)
How long is 1 oz of liquor, 1 bottle of beer, or 4 oz of wine detectable in the breath and blood?
3 hours
AIM 8-1-1(d)(1)
What is an excellent rule to follow regarding flight and alcohol
Allow at least 12 to 24 hours between “bottle and throttle”
AIM 8-1-1(d)(2)
What is acute fatigue?
A normal occurrance of everyday living
- The tiredness felt after long periods of physical and mental strain, including strenuous muscular effort, immobility, heavy mental workload, strong emotional pressure, monotony, and lack of sleep
AIM 8-1-1(e)(2)
What is chronic fatigue?
When there is not enough time for full recovery between episodes of acute fatigue
AIM 8-1-1(e)(3)
Should a pilot who is experienceing an emotionally upsetting event fly?
No, the flight should be delayed until the pilot is satisfactorily recovered
AIM 8-1-1(g)
What is the personal preflight checklist a pilot should run through before flight?
- I llness
- M edication
- S tress
- A lcohol
- F atigue
- E motion
AIM 8-1-1(i)
What is hypoxia?
A state of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair functions of the brain and other organs
AIM 8-1-2(a)(1)
At what altitude can deterioration in night vision occur?
At cabin pressure altitudes as low as 5,000 feet
AIM 8-1-2(a)(2)
When can a normal healthy pilot begin to feel significant effects of altitude hypoxia?
12,000ft and up
AIM 8-1-2(a)(2)
How fast can pilot performance deteriorate due to hypoxia above 15,000ft?
15 minutes
AIM 8-1-2(a)(2)
What are some symptoms of hypoxia?
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Euphoria
- Belligerence
- Tunnel vision
- Cyanosis
Early symptoms are similar to hyperventilation
AIM 8-1-1(a)
What are the different kinds of hypoxia and how do they affect the blood?
- Hypoxic Hypoxia - deficiency of oxygen (reduced partial pressure)
- Histotoxic Hypoxia - the cells ability to utilize oxygen is impeded
- Hypemic Hypoxia - the cells ability to transport oxygen is impeded
- Stagnant Hypoxia - blood circulation is stagant
AIM 8-1-2(a)(4)
How is hypoxia treated?
Enrich the air with oxygen
i.e. descend or use supplemental oxygen
AIM 8-1-2(a)(6)
When are pilots encouraged to use supplemental oxygen?
Above 10,000ft during the day
Above 5,000ft at night
AIM 8-1-2(a)(6)
How long should a person wait before flying below 8,000ft MSL after a scuba dive WITHOUT a controlled ascent?
12 hours
AIM 8-1-2(d)(2)
How long should a person wait before flying below 8,000ft MSL after a scuba dive WITH a controlled ascent?
24 hours
AIM 8-1-2(d)(2)
How long should a person wait before flying ABOVE 8,000ft MSL after a scuba dive?
24 hours
AIM 8-1-2(d)(2)
What is hyperventilation?
An abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs, not enough carbon dioxide is in the body
AIM 8-1-3(a)
What are the symptoms of hyperventilation?
- Lightheadedness
- Suffocation
- Drowsiness
- Tingling in the extremities
- Coolness
- Incapacitation
Early symptoms are similar to hypoxia
AIM 8-1-3(a)
How is hyperventilation treated?
Bring the rate and depth of breathing under control
- Breath into a paper bag
- Sing
- Talk
AIM 8-1-3(b)
Can hyperventilation and hypoxia occur at the same time?
Yes it is possible
AIM 8-1-3(c)
Should hypoxia or hyperventilation be treated first?
Hypoxia
AIM 8-1-3(c)
What is Carbon Monoxide?
A colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas contained in exhaust fumes
AIM 8-1-4(a)
What are the leans?
An abrupt correction of a banked attitude, which has been entered too slowly to stimulate the motion sensing system in the inner ear, can create the illusion of banking in the opposite direction. The disoriented pilot will roll the aircraft back into its original dangerous attitude, or if level flight is maintained, will feel compelled to lean in the perceived vertical plane
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)
What is the coriolis illusion?
An abrupt head movement in a prolonged constant-rate turn that has ceased stimulating the motion sensing system can create the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis. the disoriented pilot will maneuver the aircraft into a dangerous attitude in an attempt to stop rotation
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(a)
What is a graveyard spin?
A proper recovery from a spin that has ceased stimulating the motion sensing system can create the illusion of spinning in the opposite direction. The disoriented pilot will return the aircraft to its original spin
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(b)
What is a graveyard spiral?
An observed loss of altitude during a coordinated constant-rate turn that has ceased stimulating the motion sensing system can create the illusion of being in a descent with wings level. The disoriented pilot will pull back on the controls, tightening the spiral and increasing the loss of altitude
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(c)
What is the somatogravic illusion?
A rapid acceleration during takeoff can create the illusion of being in a nose up attitude. A rapid deceleration can have the opposite effect
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(d)
What is the inversion illusion?
An abrupt change from climb to straight and level flight can create the illusion of tumbling backwards
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(e)
What is the elevator illusion?
An abrupt upward vertical acceleration, usually by an updraft, can create the illusion of being in a climb. An abrupt downward vertical acceleration, usually by a downdraft, has the opposite effect
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(f)
What is a false horizon?
Sloping cloud formations, an obscured horizon, a dark scene spread with ground lights and stars, and certain geometric patterns of ground light can create illusions of not being aligned correctly with the actual horizon
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(g)
What is autokinesis?
In the dark, a static light will appear to move about when stared at for many seconds
AIM 8-1-5(b)(2)(h)
What approach will a pilot fly when approaching a narrower-than-usual runway?
The aircraft will appear higher than it actually is leading the pilot to fly a lower than normal approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(b)
What approach will a pilot fly when approaching a wider-than-usual runway?
The aircraft will appear lower than it actually is leading the pilot to fly a higher than normal approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(b)
How does an upsloping runway or terrain affect a pilots approach?
The aircraft will appear higher than it actually is leading the pilot to fly a lower than normal approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(c)
How does a downsloping runway or terrain affect a pilots approach?
The aircraft will appear lower than it actually is leading the pilot to fly a higher than normal approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(c)
How does a featureless terrain affect a pilots approach to landing?
The aircraft will appear higher than it actually is leading the pilot to fly a lower than normal approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(c)
How does rain on the windscreen affect a pilots approach to landing?
It will create the illusion of greater height leading to a lower approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(e)
How does atmospheric haze affect a pilots approach to landing?
It will create the illusion of greater height leading to a lower approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(e)
How does fog affect a pilots approach to landing?
It will create the illusion of pitching up causing the pilot to steepen the approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(e)
How does ground lighting affect a pilots approach to landing?
- Lights along a straight path can be mistaken for a runway and approach lights.
- Bright runway and approach lights may create the illusion of less distance to the runway leading to a higher approach
- Terrain which has few lights to provide height cues may lead to a lower than normal approach
AIM 8-1-5(b)(3)(f)
How long does it take the eyes to fully adjust to the dark?
30 minutes
AIM 8-1-6(b)(2)
How long does it take the eyes to moderately adjust to the dark?
20 minutes
AIM 8-1-6(b)(2)
What percentage of light should be absorbed by sunglasses?
At last 85% of visible light should be absorbed with 15% transmittance
AIM 8-1-6(b)(3)
How many degrees can the eye observe across the horizon?
200 degrees
AIM 8-1-6(c)(2)
What is the small center area of vision that sends clear, sharply focused messages to the brain called?
Fovea
AIM 8-1-6(c)(3)
How should a pilot scan for traffic in the sky?
Short, regularly spaced eye movements not to exceed 10 degrees
AIM 8-1-6(c)(2)
How can a pilot reduce eye fatigue when scanning for traffic?
Start from the instruments, out to the left wing past the wing tip, to the right, and back into the cabin along the right wing
AIM 8-1-6(c)(4)
How far can the eye see during “empty-field myopia”?
10 to 30 feet
AIM 8-1-6(c)(5)
What might a pilot expierence with a rapid push-over maneuver?
Blood and body organs will be displaced toward the head leading to discomfort, headache, “red-out,” and even unconsciouness
AIM 8-1-7(b)
What might a pilot experience will a rapid pull-up maneuver or steep-turn?
Blood circulation to the brain decreases and the pilot will experience “narrowing” or the visual fields, “grey-out,” “black-out,” and unconsciousness
AIM 8-1-7(c) and (d)
