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the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter > *Aviation Weather Services > Flashcards

*Aviation Weather Services Flashcards

1
Q

Light icing

A

Rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is prolonged for over 1 hour

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2
Q

Severe icing

A

Rate if accumulation is such that deicing equipment fails to reduce or control the hazard

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3
Q

Moderate icing

A

Rate if accumulation is such that short encounters become potentially hazardous

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4
Q

Define EFAS

A

En Route Flight Advisory Service Flight Watch 1.3.6

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5
Q

What is a primary weather product?

A

A weather product that meets all the regulatory requirements and safety needs for use in making weather related flight decisions 2.1.1

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6
Q

What is a supplemental weather product?

A

A weather product is an aviation weather product that may be used for enhanced situational awareness 2.1.2

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7
Q

Define SPECI

A

Aviation Selected Special Weather Report 3.1.2

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8
Q

What are the wind shift requirements for the issuance of a SPECI?

A

Greater than or equal to 45 degrees in Less than 15 minutes Wind speed greater than or equal to 10kts Table 3-1

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9
Q

For a SPECI to be issued the visibility must drop below or increase to what value

A

3 sm
2 sm
1 sm
1/2 sm
Below the minimums of the lowest IAP
Table 3-1

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10
Q

A SPECI will be issued when a tornado….

A

Is observed Disappears or ends Table 3-1

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11
Q

A SPECI will be issued for a thunderstorm when…

A

Begins not if one is currently reported Ends Table 3-1

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12
Q

A SPECI will be issued for precip when

A

Hail begins or ends
Freezing precipitation begins, ends, or changes intensity
Ice pellets begin, end, or change intensity Table 3-1

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13
Q

For a SPECI to be issued the ceiling must drop below or increase to what value…

A

3,000’
1,500’
1,000’
500’
200’
Lowest IAP
Table 3-1

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14
Q

Will an aircraft mishap result in a SPECI?

A

Yes Table 3-1

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15
Q

AUTO

A

Fully automated report with no human intervention or oversight 3.1.3.4

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16
Q

COR

A

Corrected METAR or SPECI 3.1.3.4

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17
Q

Wind gust

A

Rapid fluctuations in wind speed 10kts or more between peaks and lulls 3.1.3.5.1

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18
Q

Wind speed is determined how

A

Averaging the speed over a 2-minute period 3.1.3.5

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19
Q

VRB

A

Variable Wind speed was 6kts or less

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20
Q

00000kts

A

Calm winds 3.1.3.5.4

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21
Q
  • METAR
A

Light Table 3-2

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22
Q

+ in METAR

A

Heavy Table 3-2

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23
Q

MI

A

Shallow Table 3-2

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24
Q

PR

A

Partial Table 3-2

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25
Q

V in wind group

A

Wind varies by 60 degrees or more Wind speed more than 6kts 3.1.3.5.3

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26
Q

BC

A

Patches Table 3-2

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27
Q

DR

A

Low drifting (Less than 6ft) Table 3-2

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28
Q

BL

A

Blowing (6ft or more) Table 3-2

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29
Q

SH

A

Showers Table 3-2

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30
Q

TS

A

Thunderstorms Table 3-2

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31
Q

FZ

A

Freezing Table 3-2

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32
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle Table 3-2

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33
Q

RA

A

Rain Table 3-2

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34
Q

SN

A

Snow Table 3-2

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35
Q

SG

A

Snow Grains Table 3-2

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36
Q

IC

A

Ice Crystals Table 3-2

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37
Q

PL

A

Ice Pellets Table 3-2

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38
Q

GR

A

Hail Table 3-2

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39
Q

GS

A

Snow Pellets or Small Table 3-2

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40
Q

UP

A

Unknown Precipitation Table 3-2

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41
Q

BR

A

Mist Table 3-2

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42
Q

FG

A

Fog Table 3-2

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43
Q

FU

A

Smoke Table 3-2

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44
Q

VA

A

Volcanic Ash Table 3-2

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45
Q

DU

A

Widespread dust Table 3-2

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46
Q

SA

A

Sand Table 3-2

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47
Q

HZ

A

Haze Table 3-2

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48
Q

PY

A

Spray Table 3-2

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49
Q

PO

A

Dust/sand whirls Table 3-2

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50
Q

SQ

A

Squalls Table 3-2

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51
Q

FC

A

Funnel cloud 3-2

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52
Q

SS

A

Sandstorm Table 3-2

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53
Q

DS

A

Dust storm Table 3-2

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54
Q

Vicinity

A

5-10 sm 3.1.3.8.2

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55
Q

When will an obscuration be coded in a METAR

A

When surface visibility is below 7 miles 3.1.3.8.5

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56
Q

When will UP be reported

A

When an automatic station detects the occurrence of precipitation but the sensor cannot recognize the type 3.1.3.8.4

57
Q

VV

A

Vertical visibility 8/8 coverage Table 3-3

58
Q

SKC

A

Clear Used at manual stations when no layers are reported Table 3-3

59
Q

CLR

A

Clear below 12,000 Automated stations only

60
Q

FEW

A

Few 1/8-2/8 coverage Table 3-3

61
Q

SCT

A

Scattered 3/8-4/8 coverage Table 3-3

62
Q

BKN

A

Broken 5/8-7/8 coverage Table 3-3

63
Q

OVC

A

Overcast 8/8 coverage

64
Q

Define ceiling

A

The lowest layer aloft reported as broken or overcast 3.1.3.9

65
Q

CB

A

Cumulonimbus clouds 3.1.3.9

66
Q

TCU

A

Tower cumulus 3.1.3.9

67
Q

Define Dew Point

A

Temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled for the air to become fully saturated 3.1.3.10

68
Q

RMK

A

Remarks 3.1.3.12

69
Q

DSNT

A

Distant Beyond 10sm Less than 30sm 3.1.3.12 (except for lightning which is in nm)

70
Q

Distant remarks are in _____ miles except lighting remarks which are in ______ miles

A

Statue miles Nautical miles 3.1.3.12

71
Q

AO1

A

Automated station without a precipitation discriminator 3.1.3.13.3

72
Q

AO2

A

Automated station with a precipitation discriminator 3.1.3.13.3

It can determine the difference between liquid and frozen/freezing precipitation

73
Q

FROPA

A

Frontal passage 3.1.3.13.5

74
Q

OCNL lighting

A

Occasional Less than 1 flash/minute Table 3-6

75
Q

FRQ lighting

A

Frequent About 1-6 flashes per minute Table 3-6

76
Q

CONS lightning

A

Continuous More than 6 flashes per minute

77
Q

B or E in METAR remarks

A

Beginning or ending of weather phenomenon 3.1.3.13.12

78
Q

CBMAM

A

Cumulonimbus mammatus 3.1.3.13.19.1

79
Q

ACC in METAR

A

Altocumulus Castellanus 3.1.3.13.19.3

80
Q

SC, AC, CC

A

Stratocumulus Altocumulus Cirrocumulus 3.1.3.13.19.4

81
Q

PRESRR PRESFR

A

Pressure rising rapidly Pressure falling rapidly 3.1.3.13.21

82
Q

SNINCR

A

Snow increasing rapidly First number indicates snow in last hour Second number indicates total snow fall 3.1.3.13.25

83
Q

RVRNO

A

Runway visual range is missing 3.1.3.14.2.1

84
Q

PWINO

A

Present weather identifier and the sensor is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

Or precipitation identifier sensor is not working.

7900.5E SFC WX OBSERVING has both definitions

85
Q

PNO

A

Tipping bucket rain gauge and sensor is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

Or

Precipitation amount not available

86
Q

FZRANO

A

Freezing rain sensor is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

87
Q

TSNO

A

Lighting detector is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

88
Q

VISNO LOC

A

Secondary visibility sensor not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

89
Q

CHINO LOC

A

Secondary ceiling height indicator is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

90
Q

What is HIWAS

A

Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service Broadcast hazardous weather information continuously over selected NAVIDS
(Discontinued January 2020)
1.3.5

91
Q

What is TIBS

A

Continuous telephone recording if meteorological and aeronautical information. Used as a preliminary briefing tool
(Discontinued September 2018)
1.3.4

92
Q

Define TIBS

A

Telephone Information Briefing Service
(Discontinued September 2018)
1.3.4

93
Q

Define METAR

A

Aviation Routine Weather Report 3.1.1

94
Q

Trace Icing

A

Ice becomes perceptible. Rate of accumulation is slightly greater than sublimation. Deicing equipment is not required unless encountered for extended period of time

95
Q

$

A

Maintenance is needed on the system 3.1.3.14.2.2

96
Q

Eroute controllers advise pilots of hazardous weather that may impact operations within ____ of the controller’s sector

A

150nm 1.2.2

97
Q

ATCR and TRACONs may opt to broadcast hazardous weather only when part of the area described is within ______

A

50nm 1.2.3

98
Q

An outlook briefing should be requested when a planned departure is how far out?

A

6 or more hours 1.3.1.3

99
Q

How large of a radius do area briefings cover?

A

50nm

100
Q

METAR wind True or Magnetic

A

True 3.1.3.5

101
Q

Prevailing visibility

A

The greatest distance that can be seen throughout at least half of the horizon circle, not necessarily continuous. 3.1.3.6

102
Q

M1/4SM

A

Less than 1/4sm visibility
3.1.3.6

103
Q

Manual RVR is not reported below:

A

600’
3.1.3.7

104
Q

RVR is reported when?

A

When prevailing visibility is 1sm or less
3.1.3.7

105
Q

Automated stations may report RVR for up to ______ runways

A

4
3.1.3.7

106
Q

V in RVR report

A

Variable conditions Included when varies by more than one reportable value

107
Q

Intensity qualifiers are not included with what precipitation phenomena

A

Ice crystals Hail Blowing dust Blowing Sand Blowing Snow 3.1.3.8.1

108
Q

Are intensity qualifiers included with VC

A

No 3.1.3.8.2

109
Q

Shallow

A

The visibility at 6 feet above ground level is greater than or equal to 5/8 SM and the apparent visibility in the fog layer is less than 5/8 SM Table 7-5

110
Q

Patches

A

Fog patches covering part of the airport. The apparent visibility in the fog patch or bank is less than 5/8 SM, with the foggy patches extending to at least 6 feet above ground level. Table 7-5

111
Q

Maximum number of types of precipitation that may be coded in single group

A

3

3.1.3.8.4

112
Q

Obscuration

A

Any phenomenon in the atmosphere other than precipitation reducing visibility 3.1.3.8.5

113
Q

What is the definition of precipitation

A

Any of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground. 3.1.3.8.4

114
Q

How often are Surface Analysis Charts issued?

A

Every 3 hours

115
Q

PATWAS

A

Pilot’s automatic telephone weather answering service Appendix B

116
Q

+FC

A

Tornado or water spout

117
Q

When visibility is forecast to be (blank) one or more significant weather groups (FG, RA, etc) will it be included in the TAF?

A

6SM or less

118
Q

SCSL, ACSL, CCSL

A

Stratocumulus standing lenticular
Altocumulus standing lenticular
Cirrocumulus standing lenticular

119
Q

What is the difference between ASOS and AWOS stations?

A

ASOS stations are operated by the NWS.

AWOS stations are operated by the FAA and DOD

120
Q

When are rawinsondes launched?

A

Twice a day 50 min before 0000z and 1200z

121
Q

How long before its valid period is a TAF typically issued?

A

20-40 min before its valid period starts

122
Q

In a TAF, prevailing wind is issued for any wind speed greater than or equal to_____

A

7 kt

123
Q

VRB with a wind speed will be coded in a TAF when?

A

Direction varies 30 degrees or more

124
Q

When will VRB be coded in a TAF without a wind speed?

A

Winds are forecast to b 1-6 kt inclusive

125
Q

When forecast visibility is supposed to be less than or equal to _____SM, one or more significant weather groups will be coded in the TAF?

A

6 SM

126
Q

DRDU, DRSA, DRSN, MIFG, PRFG, and BCFG may be forecast with prevailing visibility greater than or equal to _____SM?

A

7 SM

127
Q

What does CAVOK mean in a TAF?

A

Ceilings and Visibility OK
- Visibility greater than or equal to 6 SM
- Ceilings no lower than 5000 ft or lowest sector altitude.
- No cumulonimbus
-No significant weather phenomena.

128
Q

What does NSW mean in a TAF?

A

No Significant Weather

129
Q

What TAF group can NSW be used in? (FM, BCMG, etc.)

A

Only a TEMPO group

130
Q

When is mist coded in a TAF?

A

If it is restricting visibility to 6 SM or less.

131
Q

What is a prevailing condition defined as in a TAF?

A

Greater than or equal to 50% probabiblity of occurence for more than half of the subdivided forecast period. (Ex. FM1200)

132
Q

Will you ever see CLR in a TAF? And if so, what does it mean?

A

No, you should never see CLR in a TAF

133
Q

What is the only cloud type that will be included in a TAF?

A

CB

134
Q

When will variable wind be reported in a METAR?

A

If wind varies 60 deg or more

135
Q

Define a Squall

A

Wind speed increases by 16 knots and is sustained at 22 knots or more for at least a minute

136
Q

When is calm wind reported?

A

3 kts or less
4-1-29

137
Q

What does a RADAT provide?

A

Freezing level

138
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

A warm air mass gets caught between two cold air masses. The warm air mass rises as the cool air masses push and meet in the middle. The temperature drops as the warm air mass is occluded, or “cut off,” from the ground and pushed upward.

139
Q

What weather can be expected around a trough?

A

Relatively low atmospheric pressure, colder temperatures, and unstable air

the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter (33 decks)

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