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the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter > Aviation Weather Services > Flashcards

Aviation Weather Services Flashcards

1
Q

Light icing

A

Rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is prolonged for over 1 hour

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2
Q

Severe icing

A

Rate if accumulation is such that deicing equipment fails to reduce or control the hazard

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3
Q

Moderate icing

A

Rate if accumulation is such that short encounters become potentially hazardous

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4
Q

Define EFAS

A

En Route Flight Advisory Service Flight Watch 1.3.6

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5
Q

What is a primary weather product?

A

A weather product that meets all the regulatory requirements and safety needs for use in making weather related flight decisions 2.1.1

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6
Q

What is a supplemental weather product?

A

A weather product is an aviation weather product that may be used for enhanced situational awareness 2.1.2

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7
Q

Define SPECI

A

Aviation Selected Special Weather Report 3.1.2

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8
Q

What are the wind shift requirements for the issuance of a SPECI?

A

Greater than or equal to 45 degrees in Less than 15 minutes Wind speed greater than or equal to 10kts Table 3-1

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9
Q

For a SPECI to be issued the visibility must drop below or increase to what value

A

3 sm
2 sm
1 sm
1/2 sm
Below the minimums of the lowest IAP
Table 3-1

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10
Q

A SPECI will be issued when a tornado….

A

Is observed Disappears or ends Table 3-1

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11
Q

A SPECI will be issued for a thunderstorm when…

A

Begins not if one is currently reported Ends Table 3-1

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12
Q

A SPECI will be issued for precip when

A

Hail begins or ends
Freezing precipitation begins, ends, or changes intensity
Ice pellets begin, end, or change intensity Table 3-1

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13
Q

For a SPECI to be issued the ceiling must drop below or increase to what value…

A

3,000’
1,500’
1,000’
500’
200’
Lowest IAP
Table 3-1

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14
Q

Will an aircraft mishap result in a SPECI?

A

Yes Table 3-1

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15
Q

AUTO

A

Fully automated report with no human intervention or oversight 3.1.3.4

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16
Q

COR

A

Corrected METAR or SPECI 3.1.3.4

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17
Q

Wind gust

A

Rapid fluctuations in wind speed 10kts or more between peaks and lulls 3.1.3.5.1

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18
Q

Wind speed is determined how

A

Averaging the speed over a 2-minute period 3.1.3.5

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19
Q

VRB

A

Variable Wind speed was 6kts or less

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20
Q

00000kts

A

Calm winds 3.1.3.5.4

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21
Q
  • METAR
A

Light Table 3-2

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22
Q

+ in METAR

A

Heavy Table 3-2

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23
Q

MI

A

Shallow Table 3-2

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24
Q

PR

A

Partial Table 3-2

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25
Q

V in wind group

A

Wind varies by 60 degrees or more Wind speed more than 6kts 3.1.3.5.3

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26
Q

BC

A

Patches Table 3-2

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27
Q

DR

A

Low drifting (Less than 6ft) Table 3-2

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28
Q

BL

A

Blowing (6ft or more) Table 3-2

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29
Q

SH

A

Showers Table 3-2

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30
Q

TS

A

Thunderstorms Table 3-2

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31
Q

FZ

A

Freezing Table 3-2

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32
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle Table 3-2

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33
Q

RA

A

Rain Table 3-2

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34
Q

SN

A

Snow Table 3-2

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35
Q

SG

A

Snow Grains Table 3-2

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36
Q

IC

A

Ice Crystals Table 3-2

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37
Q

PL

A

Ice Pellets Table 3-2

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38
Q

GR

A

Hail Table 3-2

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39
Q

GS

A

Snow Pellets or Small Table 3-2

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40
Q

UP

A

Unknown Precipitation Table 3-2

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41
Q

BR

A

Mist Table 3-2

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42
Q

FG

A

Fog Table 3-2

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43
Q

FU

A

Smoke Table 3-2

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44
Q

VA

A

Volcanic Ash Table 3-2

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45
Q

DU

A

Widespread dust Table 3-2

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46
Q

SA

A

Sand Table 3-2

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47
Q

HZ

A

Haze Table 3-2

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48
Q

PY

A

Spray Table 3-2

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49
Q

PO

A

Dust/sand whirls Table 3-2

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50
Q

SQ

A

Squalls Table 3-2

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51
Q

FC

A

Funnel cloud 3-2

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52
Q

SS

A

Sandstorm Table 3-2

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53
Q

DS

A

Dust storm Table 3-2

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54
Q

Vicinity

A

5-10 sm 3.1.3.8.2

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55
Q

When will an obscuration be coded in a METAR

A

When surface visibility is below 7 miles 3.1.3.8.5

56
Q

When will UP be reported

A

When an automatic station detects the occurrence of precipitation but the sensor cannot recognize the type 3.1.3.8.4

57
Q

VV

A

Vertical visibility 8/8 coverage Table 3-3

58
Q

SKC

A

Clear Used at manual stations when no layers are reported Table 3-3

59
Q

CLR

A

Clear below 12,000 Automated stations only

60
Q

FEW

A

Few 1/8-2/8 coverage Table 3-3

61
Q

SCT

A

Scattered 3/8-4/8 coverage Table 3-3

62
Q

BKN

A

Broken 5/8-7/8 coverage Table 3-3

63
Q

OVC

A

Overcast 8/8 coverage

64
Q

Define ceiling

A

The lowest layer aloft reported as broken or overcast 3.1.3.9

65
Q

CB

A

Cumulonimbus clouds 3.1.3.9

66
Q

TCU

A

Tower cumulus 3.1.3.9

67
Q

Define Dew Point

A

Temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled for the air to become fully saturated 3.1.3.10

68
Q

RMK

A

Remarks 3.1.3.12

69
Q

DSNT

A

Distant Beyond 10sm Less than 30sm 3.1.3.12 (except for lightning which is in nm)

70
Q

Distant remarks are in _____ miles except lighting remarks which are in ______ miles

A

Statue miles Nautical miles 3.1.3.12

71
Q

AO1

A

Automated station without a precipitation discriminator 3.1.3.13.3

72
Q

AO2

A

Automated station with a precipitation discriminator 3.1.3.13.3

It can determine the difference between liquid and frozen/freezing precipitation

73
Q

FROPA

A

Frontal passage 3.1.3.13.5

74
Q

OCNL lighting

A

Occasional Less than 1 flash/minute Table 3-6

75
Q

FRQ lighting

A

Frequent About 1-6 flashes per minute Table 3-6

76
Q

CONS lightning

A

Continuous More than 6 flashes per minute

77
Q

B or E in METAR remarks

A

Beginning or ending of weather phenomenon 3.1.3.13.12

78
Q

CBMAM

A

Cumulonimbus mammatus 3.1.3.13.19.1

79
Q

ACC in METAR

A

Altocumulus Castellanus 3.1.3.13.19.3

80
Q

SC, AC, CC

A

Stratocumulus Altocumulus Cirrocumulus 3.1.3.13.19.4

81
Q

PRESRR PRESFR

A

Pressure rising rapidly Pressure falling rapidly 3.1.3.13.21

82
Q

SNINCR

A

Snow increasing rapidly First number indicates snow in last hour Second number indicates total snow fall 3.1.3.13.25

83
Q

RVRNO

A

Runway visual range is missing 3.1.3.14.2.1

84
Q

PWINO

A

Present weather identifier and the sensor is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

Or precipitation identifier sensor is not working.

7900.5E SFC WX OBSERVING has both definitions

85
Q

PNO

A

Tipping bucket rain gauge and sensor is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

Or

Precipitation amount not available

86
Q

FZRANO

A

Freezing rain sensor is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

87
Q

TSNO

A

Lighting detector is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

88
Q

VISNO LOC

A

Secondary visibility sensor not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

89
Q

CHINO LOC

A

Secondary ceiling height indicator is not operating 3.1.3.14.2.1

90
Q

What is HIWAS

A

Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service Broadcast hazardous weather information continuously over selected NAVIDS
(Discontinued January 2020)
1.3.5

91
Q

What is TIBS

A

Continuous telephone recording if meteorological and aeronautical information. Used as a preliminary briefing tool
(Discontinued September 2018)
1.3.4

92
Q

Define TIBS

A

Telephone Information Briefing Service
(Discontinued September 2018)
1.3.4

93
Q

Define METAR

A

Aviation Routine Weather Report 3.1.1

94
Q

Trace Icing

A

Ice becomes perceptible. Rate of accumulation is slightly greater than sublimation. Deicing equipment is not required unless encountered for extended period of time

95
Q

$

A

Maintenance is needed on the system 3.1.3.14.2.2

96
Q

Eroute controllers advise pilots of hazardous weather that may impact operations within ____ of the controller’s sector

A

150nm 1.2.2

97
Q

ATCR and TRACONs may opt to broadcast hazardous weather only when part of the area described is within ______

A

50nm 1.2.3

98
Q

An outlook briefing should be requested when a planned departure is how far out?

A

6 or more hours 1.3.1.3

99
Q

How large of a radius do area briefings cover?

A

50nm

100
Q

METAR wind True or Magnetic

A

True 3.1.3.5

101
Q

Prevailing visibility

A

The greatest distance that can be seen throughout at least half of the horizon circle, not necessarily continuous. 3.1.3.6

102
Q

M1/4SM

A

Less than 1/4sm visibility
3.1.3.6

103
Q

Manual RVR is not reported below:

A

600’
3.1.3.7

104
Q

RVR is reported when?

A

When prevailing visibility is 1sm or less
3.1.3.7

105
Q

Automated stations may report RVR for up to ______ runways

A

4
3.1.3.7

106
Q

V in RVR report

A

Variable conditions Included when varies by more than one reportable value

107
Q

Intensity qualifiers are not included with what precipitation phenomena

A

Ice crystals Hail Blowing dust Blowing Sand Blowing Snow 3.1.3.8.1

108
Q

Are intensity qualifiers included with VC

A

No 3.1.3.8.2

109
Q

Shallow

A

The visibility at 6 feet above ground level is greater than or equal to 5/8 SM and the apparent visibility in the fog layer is less than 5/8 SM Table 7-5

110
Q

Patches

A

Fog patches covering part of the airport. The apparent visibility in the fog patch or bank is less than 5/8 SM, with the foggy patches extending to at least 6 feet above ground level. Table 7-5

111
Q

Maximum number of types of precipitation that may be coded in single group

A

3

3.1.3.8.4

112
Q

Obscuration

A

Any phenomenon in the atmosphere other than precipitation reducing visibility 3.1.3.8.5

113
Q

What is the definition of precipitation

A

Any of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground. 3.1.3.8.4

114
Q

How often are Surface Analysis Charts issued?

A

Every 3 hours

115
Q

PATWAS

A

Pilot’s automatic telephone weather answering service Appendix B

116
Q

+FC

A

Tornado or water spout

117
Q

When visibility is forecast to be (blank) one or more significant weather groups (FG, RA, etc) will it be included in the TAF?

A

6SM or less

118
Q

SCSL, ACSL, CCSL

A

Stratocumulus standing lenticular
Altocumulus standing lenticular
Cirrocumulus standing lenticular

119
Q

What is the difference between ASOS and AWOS stations?

A

ASOS stations are operated by the NWS.

AWOS stations are operated by the FAA and DOD

120
Q

When are rawinsondes launched?

A

Twice a day 50 min before 0000z and 1200z

121
Q

How long before its valid period is a TAF typically issued?

A

20-40 min before its valid period starts

122
Q

In a TAF, prevailing wind is issued for any wind speed greater than or equal to_____

A

7 kt

123
Q

VRB with a wind speed will be coded in a TAF when?

A

Direction varies 30 degrees or more

124
Q

When will VRB be coded in a TAF without a wind speed?

A

Winds are forecast to b 1-6 kt inclusive

125
Q

When forecast visibility is supposed to be less than or equal to _____SM, one or more significant weather groups will be coded in the TAF?

A

6 SM

126
Q

DRDU, DRSA, DRSN, MIFG, PRFG, and BCFG may be forecast with prevailing visibility greater than or equal to _____SM?

A

7 SM

127
Q

What does CAVOK mean in a TAF?

A

Ceilings and Visibility OK
- Visibility greater than or equal to 6 SM
- Ceilings no lower than 5000 ft or lowest sector altitude.
- No cumulonimbus
-No significant weather phenomena.

128
Q

What does NSW mean in a TAF?

A

No Significant Weather

129
Q

What TAF group can NSW be used in? (FM, BCMG, etc.)

A

Only a TEMPO group

130
Q

When is mist coded in a TAF?

A

If it is restricting visibility to 6 SM or less.

131
Q

What is a prevailing condition defined as in a TAF?

A

Greater than or equal to 50% probabiblity of occurence for more than half of the subdivided forecast period. (Ex. FM1200)

132
Q

Will you ever see CLR in a TAF? And if so, what does it mean?

A

No, you should never see CLR in a TAF

133
Q

What is the only cloud type that will be included in a TAF?

A

CB

134
Q

When will variable wind be reported in a METAR?

A

If wind varies 60 deg or more

135
Q

Define a Squall

A

Wind speed increases by 16 knots and is sustained at 22 knots or more for at least a minute

136
Q

When is calm wind reported?

A

3 kts or less
4-1-29

the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter (35 decks)

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