Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter > AIM Chapter 2 Lights and Visual Aids > Flashcards

AIM Chapter 2 Lights and Visual Aids Flashcards

Lights and Visual Aids

1
Q

Two bar VASI provides what degree of glide slope?

A

3 degrees

AIM 2-1-2(a)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three bar VASI provides glide slope indications at what approach angles?

A

3 degrees and 1/4 degree higher

AIM 2-1-2(a)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The upper glide path of a three bar VASI is intended for whom?

A

Use only by high cockpit aircraft

AIM 2-1-2(a)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How far out is a VASI visible during the day?
At night?

A

3-5 miles day
20 miles or more night

AIM 2-1-2(a)(4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How far out does a VASI provide obstruction clearance?

A

+/-10 degrees of runway centerline out to 4NM from runway threshold

AIM 2-1-2(a)(4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When can a pilot use the VASI for descent guidance?

A

When visually aligned with the runway

AIM 2-1-2(a)(4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How far is a PAPI visible during the day?
At night?

A

5 miles day
Up to 20 miles at night

AIM 2-1-2(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A PAPI provides how much obstruction clearance?

A

+/-10 degrees and 3.4NM from runway threshold

AIM 2-1-2(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When can a pilot use the PAPI for descent guidance?

A

When visually aligned with the runway

AIM 2-1-2(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the useful range of a tricolor VASI?

A

1/2-1 mile day
5 miles night

AIM 2-1-2(c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the useful range of pulsating VASI?

A

4 miles day
10 miles night

AIM 2-1-2(d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an Alignment of Elements approach path system?

A

Low-cost system consisting of painted plywood panels, normally black and white or flurescent orange

AIM 2-1-2(e)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the useful range of an Alignment of Elements approach path system

A

3/4 miles

AIM 2-1-2(e)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 bar VASI above, on, below glideslope indication

A

Figure 2-1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 bar VASI above, on, below glideslope indication

A

Figure 2-1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PAPI above, slightly high, on, slightly below, below glideslope indication

A

Figure 2-1-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tricolor VASI above, on, slightly below and below glideslope indication

A

Figure 2-1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pulsating VASI above, on, slightly below, below glideslope indication

A

Figure 2-1-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the purpose of REIL?

A

Provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway
Consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway

AIM 2-1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does “REIL” mean?

A

Runway End Identifier Lights

AIM 2-1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does “HIRL” mean?

A

High Intensity Runway Lights

AIM 2-1-4(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does “MIRL” mean?

A

Medium Intensity Runway Lights

AIM 2-1-4(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does “LIRL” mean?

A

Low Intensity Runway Lights

AIM 2-1-4(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What color are runway edge lights?

A

White, except on instrument runways where yellow replaces white on the last 2,000 feet or half the runway lenght, whichever is less

AIM 2-1-4(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What color of light is used to help a pilot on approach determine the runway threshold?

A

Green

AIM 2-1-4(c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What color of light is used to help a pilot departing determine the end of the runway?

A

Red

AIM 2-1-4(c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does “RCLS” mean?

A

Runway Centerling Lighting System

AIM 2-1-5(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How far apart are runway centerline lights?

A

50’

AIM 2-1-5(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What color are Runway Centerline Lights?

A

White until the last 3,000 feet
Alternating red and white for the next 2,000 feet
Red for the last 1,000 feet

AIM 2-1-5(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does “TDZL” mean?

A

Touchdown Zone Lights

AIM 2-1-5(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are Touchdown Zone Lights?

A

Two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline. They are steady burning white lights 100 feet from the landing threshold and extend to 3,000 feet beyond or the midpoint, whichever is less.

AIM 2-1-5(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are Taxiway Centerline Lead-off and Lead-on Lights?

A

Used to warn pilots and vehicle drivers that they are within the runway environment or ILS critical area, whichever is more restrictive
Alternating green and yellow lights, beginning with green, from the runway centerline to one centerline light position beyond the runway holding position or ILS critical area holding position.

AIM 2-1-5(c) and (d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are Land and Hold Short lights?

A

Indicate the hold short point on certian runways which are approved for Land and Hold Short Operations
Consist of a row of pulsing white lights installed across the runway at the hold short point. Will only be one when LAHSO is in effect

AIM 2-1-5(e)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does “RWSL” mean?

A

Runway Status Light System

AIM 2-1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a Runway Status Light System?

A

A fully auotmated system that provides runway status information to pilots and surface vehicle operators to clearly indicate when it is unsafe to enter, cross, takeoff from, or land on a runway
Consists of Runway Entrance Lights (REL) and Takeoff Hold Lights (THL)

AIM 2-1-6(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When will the Runway Entrance Lights illuminate for a departing aircraft?

A

The departing aircraft reaches a speed of approximately 30 knots

AIM 2-1-6(b)(1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When will the Runway Entrance Lights extinguish for a departing aircraft?

A
  • Approximately 3 to 4 seconds before the aircraft reaches the intersection
  • After the aircraft is declared “airborne” by the system

AIM 2-1-6(b)(1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When will the Runway Entrance Lights illuminate for an arriving aircraft?

A

An aircraft on final approach is approximately 1 mile from the runway threshold

AIM 2-1-6(b)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When will the Runway Entrance Lights extinguish for an arriving aircraft?

A
  • Approximately 3 to 4 seconds before the aircraft reaches the intersection
  • When the aircraft is below 80 knots, all arrays not within 30 seconds of the aircraft’s forward path are extinguished
  • When the aircraft slows to approximately 34 knots, all lights extinguish

AIM 2-1-6(b)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What should a pilot do if they observes red lights of the REL or THL?

A

Stop or remain stopped and query ATC if the clearance is in conflict with the lights

If safey is compromised, pilots should use their best judgement

AIM 2-1-6(b)(4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When using pilot controlled lighting, how long are the lights illuminated for?

A

15 minutes from the most recent time of activation

2-1-8(b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the suggested procedure for pilot controlled lighting?

A

Initially 7 clicks, then adjust when overflying or just prior to entering the final segment of an approach

2-1-8(c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How is the highest intensity of lighting activated?

A

7 clicks in 5 seconds

Table 2-1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How is medium intensity lighting activated?

A

5 clicks in 5 seconds

Table 2-1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How is the lowest intensity of lighting activated?

A

3 clicks in 5 seconds

Table 2-1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where are airport and heliport beacons most effective?

A

1 to 10 degrees above the horizon

AIM 2-1-9(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How often do beacons for airports, landmarks and Federal airways flash per minute?

A

24 to 30 times per minute

AIM 2-1-9(a)(1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How often do beacons for heliports flash per minute

A

30 to 45 times per minute

AIM 2-1-9(a)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the beacon color of a lighted land airport?

A

White and Green

AIM 2-1-9(b)(1)

50
Q

What is the beacon color of a lighted water airport?

A

White and Yellow

AIM 2-1-9(b)(3)

51
Q

What is the beacon color of a lighted heliport?

A

Green, Yellow, and White

AIM 2-1-9(b)(5)

52
Q

When are green alone or yellow alone beacons used?

A

Only in connection with a white-and-green or white-and-yello beacon, respectively

AIM 2-1-9

53
Q

What is the beacon color of a military airport?

A

Two quick white flashed and a single green flash

AIM 2-1-9(c)

54
Q

Operation of the airport beacon during daylight hours at some Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E surface areas may indicate what?

A

Ground visibility is less than 3 miles and/or the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet

AIM 2-1-9(d)

55
Q

What is the color of taxiway edge lights?

A

Blue

AIM 2-1-10(a)

56
Q

What is the color of taxiway centerline lights?

A

Green

AIM 2-1-10(b)

57
Q

What are Clearnace Bar Lights?

A

Installed at holding positions on taxiways in order to increase the conspicuity of the holding position in low visibility conditions

Consists of three in-pavement steady burning yellow lights

AIM 2-1-10(c)

58
Q

What are Runway Guard Lights?

A

Installed at taxiway/runway intersections. Used to enhance the conspicuity of taxiway/runway intersections

Consists of a pair of elevated flashing yellow lights on either side of the taxiway, or row of in-pavement yellow lights installed across the entire taxiway, at the runway holding position

Should not be confused with clearance bar lights

AIM 2-1-10(d)

59
Q

What are Stop Bar Lights?

A

Used to confirm the ATC clearance to enter or cross the active runway in low visibility conditions (below 1,200 feet RVR)

Consists of a row of red, unidirectional, steady-burning in-pavement lights installed across the entire taxiway at the runway holding position, and elevated steady-burning lights on each side. Used in conjunction with taxiway centerline lead-on lights

AIM 2-1-10(e)

60
Q

Should a pilot cross an illuminated stop bar?

A

No, even if an ATC clearance has been given to proceed

2-1-10(e)

61
Q

What should a pilot do if after crossing a stop bar, the taxiway centerline lead-on lights inadvertently extinguish?

A

Hold position and contact ATC for further instructions

AIM 2-1-10(e)

62
Q

What are code beacons?

A

Flash the airport identifier in Morse Code 6 to 8 times per minute

Green for land and yellow for water

AIM 2-2-2(a)

63
Q

What are course lights?

A

Only seen from one direction and used with rotating beacons of the Federal Airway System

Remnants of the “lighted” airways which antedated the present electonically equipped federal airways

AIM 2-2-2(b)

64
Q

How often do aviation red obstruction lights flash per minute?

A

20 to 40 flashes per minute

AIM 2-2-3(a)(1)

65
Q

When are structures required to be painted in aviation orange and white paint?

A

Anytime a structure exceeds 500 feet AGL

AIM 2-2-3(a)(2)

66
Q

When structures are less than what height is aviation orange and white paint not normally used?

A

200 feet AGL

AIM 2-2-3(a)(2)

67
Q

When can medium intensity flashing white obstruction lights take place of other methods of marking and lighting a structure?

A

The structure must be 500 feet AGL or less

AIM 2-2-3(a)(2)

68
Q

When ____ is installed, red obstruction lights and aviation orange and white paint may be omitted

A

High Intensity White Obstruction Lights

AIM 2-2-3(a)(3)

69
Q

When a combination of flashing aviation red beacons and steady burning aviation red lights for nighttime operation and flashing high intensity white lights for daytime operation are used, what may be omitted?

A

Aviation orange and white paint

AIM 2-2-3(a)(4)

70
Q

High intensity flashing white lights which identify supporting structures of overhead transmission lines flash how often?

A

60 times per minute

AIM 2-2-3(c)

71
Q

High intensity flashing white lights which identify tall structures flash how often?

A

40 times per minute

AIM 2-2-3(d)

72
Q

What should a pilot do if they encouter ineffective, incorrect, or confusing marking or signs on an airport?

A
  • Make the operator of the airport aware of the problem
  • May also report it under the Aviaiton Safety Reporting Program
  • Report the situation to the FAA regional airport division

AIM 2-3-1(c)

73
Q

What are the color of runway markings?

A

White

AIM 2-3-2(b)

74
Q

What are the color of taxiway markings, areas not intended for use by aircraft, and holding positions?

A

Yellow

AIM 2-3-2(b)

75
Q

Runway Aiming Point Markers are how far from the landing threshold?

A

1,000 feet
(Actually 1,020 feet according to AC 150/5340-1M)

AIM 2-3-3(d)

76
Q

What are Runway Touchdown Zone Markers?

A

Identify the touchdown zone for landing operations and are coded to provide disatnce informaiton in 500 feet increments

If a runway has markings on both ends, those markings which extend to within 900 feet of the midpoint between the thresholds are eliminated

AIM 2-3-3(e)

77
Q

4 Runway stripes

A

60 feet wide

Table 2-3-2

78
Q

6 Runway stripes

A

75 feet wide

Table 2-3-2

79
Q

8 Runway stripes

A

100 feet wide

Table 2-3-2

80
Q

12 Runway stripes

A

150 feet wide

Table 2-3-2

81
Q

16 Runway stripes

A

200 feet wide

Table 2-3-2

82
Q

What does a NOTAM reading 10/28 W 900 CLSD mean?

A

Identifies a portion of that runway is closed

AIM 2-3-3(h)(1)

83
Q

How is a Displaced Threshold indicated?

A

White arrows located along the centerline in the area between the beginning of the runway and the displaced threshold. White arrowheads are located just prior to the threshold bar across the width of the runway

AIM 2-3-3(h)(2)

84
Q

What is a demarcation bar?

A

It is a yellow, 3 foot wide bar that delineates a runway with a deplaced threshold from a blast pad, stopeway, or taxiway that precedes the runway

AIM 2-3-3(i)

85
Q

What are chevrons?

A

Yellow markings used to show pavement areas aligned with the runway that are unusable for landing, takeoff, and taxiing

AIM 2-3-3(i)(1)

86
Q

What is the width of a threshold bar?

A

10 feet

AIM 2-3-3(j)

87
Q

What is a taxiway centerline?

A

A continuous yellow line 6 inches to 12 inches in width

AIM 2-3-4(b)(1)

88
Q

What is an enhanced taxiway centerline?

A

Consists of parallel line of yellow dashes on either side of normal taxiway centerline extending a maximum of 150 feet prior to runway holding position

AIM 2-3-4(b)(2)

89
Q

What does a coninuous double yellow taxiway edge define?

A

Defines the taxiway from abutting surface not intended for use by aircraft

Each line is 6 inches in width and spaced 6 inches apart

AIM 2-3-4(c)(1)

90
Q

What does a dashed double yellow taxiway edge define?

A

Defines the edge of a taxiway edge and the abutting surface is intended for use by aircraft

Each line is 6 inches in width and spaced 6 inches apart. Each dash is 15 feet in length with a 25 foot gap

AIM 2-3-4(c)(2)

91
Q

Can an aircraft use a taxiway shoulder?

A

No, they are not intended for use by aircraft and may not be able to support its weight

AIM 2-3-4(d)

92
Q

What is the color of surface painted taxiway direction signs?

A

Yellow background with a black inscription

Provided when it is not possible to provide taxiway direction signs at intersections

AIM 2-3-4(e)

93
Q

When are surface painted taxiway signs provided?

A

When it’s not possible to provide taxiway direction signs at intersections

AIM 2-3-4(e)

94
Q

What are surface painted location signs?

A

Black background with yellow inscription
Right of the centerline

AIM 2-3-4(f)

95
Q

What are geographic position markings?

A

Located along low visibility taxi routes designated in the airport’s Surface Movement Guidance Control System (SMGCS) plan

A circle comprised of a black outer ringe, contiguous to a white inner ring with a pink circle in the middle. A number or letter wil be in the center corresponding to the position of the marking on the route

AIM 2-3-4(g)

96
Q

What are Runway Holding Position Markings?

A

Indicates where aircraft is supposed to stop

Consists of 4 yellow lines, 2 solid and 2 dashed 6 inches or 12 inches apart extending across the width of the taxiway or runway

Solid lines are on the side where aircraft is to hold

AIM 2-3-5(a)

97
Q

What are Holding Position Markings on Taxiways Located in Runway Approach Areas?

A

Used at some airports where it is necessary to hold an aircraft on a taxiway located in the approach or departure area of a runway so that is does not interfere with the operations on that runway

AIM 2-3-5(a)(3)

98
Q

What are Holding Position Markings for ILS?

A

Consists of two yellow solid lines spaced two feet apart connected by pairs of solid lines spaced ten feet aprt extending across the width of the taxiway.

Only need to hold short of this area when instructed to do so by ATC

AIM 2-3-5(b)

99
Q

What are Holding Position Markings for Intersecting Taxiways?

A

Located on taxiways where ATC holds aircraft short of a taxiway intersection

A single dashed line extending across the width of the taxiway

AIM 2-3-5(c)

100
Q

What are surface painted holding position signs?

A

Red background with a white inscription located on the left side of the taxiway centerline

Used where the width of the holding position on the taxiway is greater than 200 feet.

101
Q

What are vehicle roadway markings?

A

Consists of either a white solid line 6 inches wide or zipper markings in lieu of the solid line

AIM 2-3-6(a)

102
Q

What is a VOR Receiver Checkpoint Marking?

A

A painted circle with an arrow in the middle. The arrow is aligned in the direction of the azimuth

AIM 2-3-6(b)

103
Q

What are nonmovement area boundary markings?

A

Delineates the movement area (area under ATC)

Consists of two yellow lines, 1 solid and 1 dashed, 6 inches in width. The solid line is located on the nonmovement side

AIM 2-3-6(c)

104
Q

What markings indicate a permanently closed runway?

A

The threshold, runway designation, and touchdown markings are obliterated

Yellow crosses are placed at each end of the runway at 1,000’ intervals

AIM 2-3-6(d)

105
Q

What markings indicate a temporarily closed runway or taxiway?

A
  • Yellow crosses placed on the runway only at each end
  • Raised lighted yellow crosses may be placed on each runway end in lieu of markings
  • Taxiway entrances are blocked with barricades or a yellow cross may be installed at each entrance
  • A visual indication may not be present and the NOTAMs should always be consulted

AIM 2-3-6(e)

106
Q

What do mandatory instruction signs look like?

A

White inscription on a red background. Denotes:
- Entrance to a runway or critical area
- Areas where an aircraft is proibited from entering

AIM 2-3-8(a)

107
Q

Facing this sign, where is runway 18?

A

On the left
Runway 36 is on the right

AIM 2-3-8(b)(1)

108
Q

What does this sign mean?

A

No entry

Figure 2-3-29

109
Q

What does a location sign look like?

A

Black background with yellow inscription and yellow border

AIM 2-3-9(a)(1) and (2)

110
Q

What does a direction sign look like?

A

Yellow background with a black inscription. The arrow indicates the direction of the turn or taxiway

AIM 2-3-10

111
Q

What does a destination sign look like?

A

Yellow background with a black inscription

AIM 2-3-11

112
Q

What do runway distance signs look like?

A

Black background with white numeral inscription indicating the distance of landing runway remaining in thousdans of feet
Last sign will be located at least 950 feet from the runway end

AIM 2-3-13

113
Q

What does “EMAS” stand for?

A

Engineered Materials Arresting Systems

AIM 2-3-14(c)

114
Q

What does EMAS do?

A

Constructed of high energy-absorbing materials, it is designed to crush under the weight of commercial aircraft and will exert deceleration forces on the landing gear

Marked with yellow chevrons

AIM 2-3-14(c)

115
Q

Can an aircraft or vehicle taxi or drive across EMAS?

A

No

AIM 2-3-14(c)

116
Q

How long are runway centerline stripes?

A

120ft long with a 80ft gap between each stripe

AC 150/5340-1M 2.4.5

117
Q

How long are runway aim point markings? (1000fters)

A

150ft for runways at least 4,200ft long, 100ft for runways less than that
The width of each rectangular marking is as follows:
1. 30 feet for runway widths of 150 feet or greater.
2. 20 feet for runway widths of 100 feet
3. 15 feet for runway widths of 75 feet
4. 12 feet for runway width of 60 feet

AC 150/5340-1M 2.6.5

118
Q

How long are the runway threshold markings?

A

150ft long by 5.75ft wide with a 5.75ft gap between each stripe. However, the gap between the two stripes nearest the centerline is 11.5ft wide

AC 150/5340-1M 2.5.5

119
Q

How far apart are runway edge lights?

A

A distance not to exceed 200ft
Must be located 2ft to 10ft from the runway edge

AC 150/5340-30J 2.3.1.2.1

120
Q

How far apart are taxiway edge lights?

A

50ft to 200ft
Must be located 2ft to 10ft from the taxiway edge

AC 150/5340-30J 2.5.3.1

the Sierra Corporations Annual Newsletter (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions