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UWorld > Vitamin > Flashcards

Vitamin Flashcards

1
Q

vitB1: aka

A

thiamine

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2
Q

thiamine: aka

A

vitB1

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3
Q

vitB1: fx

A

thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) –> cofactor for several deH rxns –> “ATP”:

  • a-ketoglut deH (TCA)
  • transketolase (HMP shunt)
  • pyruvate deH (link glycolysis to TCA)
  • branched chain ketoacid deH
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4
Q

vitB1 def: pathophys

A

impaired glucose brkdown –> ATP deplete:

  • highly aerobic tissues affected 1st –> brain, heart
  • worsened by glucose infusion
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5
Q

vitB1 def: leads to

A
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff

- beriberi

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6
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff synd: pathophys

A

damage:
- medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus
- mammilary bodies

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7
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff synd: ssx

A
  • triade: confuse, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
  • confabulation
  • personality change
  • memory loss (permanent)
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8
Q

vitB2: aka

A

riboflavin

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9
Q

riboflavin: aka

A

vitB2

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10
Q

vitB2: fx

A

FAD & FMN –> cofactor for redox rxn –> succinate deH (TCA)

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11
Q

vitB2 def: ssx

A
  • cheilosis

- corneal vascularization

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12
Q

vitB3: aka

A

niacin

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13
Q

niacin: aka

A

vitB3

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14
Q

vitB3: how much ATP?

A

3

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15
Q

vitB2: how much ATP?

A

2

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16
Q

vitB3: derived from?

A

tryptophan

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17
Q

vitB3: syn requires what other vit?

A
  • vitB2

- vitB6

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18
Q

vitB3 def: cause

A
  • Hartnup dz: decrease tryptophan absorb
  • malig carcinoid synd: increase Trp metab
  • isoniazid: decrease vitB6
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19
Q

vitB3 def: leads to

A

pellagra:
- diarrhea
- dementia
- dermatitis

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20
Q

vitB5: aka

A

pantothenate

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21
Q

pantothenate: aka

A

vitB5

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22
Q

vitB6: aka

A

pyridoxine

23
Q

pyridoxine: aka

A

vitB6

24
Q

vitB6: fx

A
  • cofactor for glycogen phosphorylase
  • NT syn: serotonin, Epi, NE, dopamine, GABA
  • syn: cystathione, heme, niacin, histamine
25
Q

vitB5 def: cause

A
  • isoniazid

- OCP

26
Q

vitB7: aka

A

biotin

27
Q

biotin: aka

A

vitB7

28
Q

vitB7 def: cause

A
  • abx

- excess ingest raw egg white: avidin –> bind biotin

29
Q

vitB9: aka

A

folic acid

30
Q

folic acid: aka

A

vitB9

31
Q

vitB9: fx

A

syn of N bases in DNA/RNA

32
Q

vitB9: absorbed where?

A

jejunum

33
Q

vitB9 def: ssx

A
  • macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
  • hypersegmented PMNs
  • glossitis

no neuro ssx (unlike vitB12 def)

34
Q

vitB9 def: lab findings

A
  • increased homocysteine

- normal methylmalonate

35
Q

what is the most common vit def in US?

A

vitB9

36
Q

vitB9 def: who?

A
  • alcoholic

- preg

37
Q

vitB12: aka

A

cobalamin

38
Q

cobalamin: aka

A

vitB12

39
Q

vitB12: fx

A

cofactor:
- homocysteine methyltransferase
- methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

40
Q

homocysteine methyltransferase: rxn

A

homocysteine + THF-CH3 –> methionine + THF –> CH3 for anabolic rxns

41
Q

methylmalonyl-CoA mutase: rxn

A

methylmalonyl CoA –> succinyl CoA –> TCA, myelin syn, heme

42
Q

methylmalonyl CoA: comes from?

A
  • ff w odd #C

- branched chain aa

43
Q

vitB12: source

A
  • microorg –> animal products

- lrg reserved pool in liver

44
Q

vitB12 def: cause

A
  • insuff intake: vegan
  • malabsorb: sprue, enteritis, Diphyllobothrium latum
  • no IF: pernicous anemia, gastric bypass surg
  • no terminal ileum: Crohn
45
Q

vitB12 def: ssx

A
  • macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
  • hypersegmented PMNs
  • neuro ssx
46
Q

vitB12 def –> neuro ssx: pathophys

A

no succinyl CoA –> impair myelin syn –> degen of:

  • dorsal column
  • lat corticospinal
  • spinocerebellar
47
Q

vitB12 def: lab findings

A

increased:
- homocysteine
- methylmalonic acid

48
Q

vitC: fx

A
  • iron absorb
  • collagen syn
  • dopamine B-hydroxylase: dopamine –> NE
49
Q

scurvy: ssx

A
  • swollen gums
  • bruise
  • hemarthrosis
  • anemia
  • poor wound heal
  • perifollicular, subperiosteal hemorrhage
  • “corkscrew” hair
50
Q

vitD def: leads to

A
  • child –> rickets: bone pain, deformity

- adult –> osteomalacia: bone pain, muscle weak

51
Q

vitE: fx

A

antioxidant –> protect RBC & membranes from ROS damage

52
Q

vitE def: ssx

A

similar to vitB12 def –> except no:

  • megaloblastic anemia
  • hyperseg PMN
  • increased methylmalonic acid
53
Q

vitK def: lab findings

A
  • increased PT, PTT

- normal bleeding time

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