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UWorld > 6.17.16 > Flashcards

6.17.16 Flashcards

1
Q

what is: essential fructosuria

A

benign disorder of fructose metab d/t fructokinase def

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2
Q

fructokinase: rxn

A

frutose –> fructose 1-phosphate

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3
Q

def in fructokinase causes what dz?

A

essential fructosuria

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4
Q

essential fructosuria: ssx

A

asympt

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5
Q

how is fructose metab in essential fructosuria?

A

hexokinase: fructose –> fructose 6-phosphate

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6
Q

Dx: clumped, G+ bact –> polar granules –> stain deeply w aniline dyes

A

diphtheria

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7
Q

what is: Robertsonian translocation

A

t(14; 21): chrom 17 & 21 –> long arms fuse

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8
Q

Robertsonian translocation results in what disorder?

A

Down synd

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9
Q

Dx: t(14; 21)

A

translocation Down synd

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10
Q

unbalanced Robertsonian translocation: karyotype

A

46, XX, t(14:21)

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11
Q

F –> balanced Robertsonian translocation carrier: increased risk of what?

A

miscarriage

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12
Q

umbilical hernia: pathophys

A

incomplete closure of umbilical ring –> linea alba defect

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13
Q

umbilical hernia: charact

A
  • protrusion at umbilicus –> soft, reducible, benign
  • asympt
  • resolve spont in 1st few yrs of life
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14
Q

umbilical hernia: assoc dz

A

Down synd

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15
Q

collagen: aa seq

A

Gly-X-Y

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16
Q

collagen: most abundant aa

A

Glycine

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17
Q

collagen: 2ary & 3ary struct

A

3 alpha chains –> triple helix

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18
Q

acute rheumatic fever: assoc dz

A

strep pharyngitis, NOT impetigo

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19
Q

social anxiety disorder: onset

A

typically in adolescence

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20
Q

virus –> particle surface –> phospholipid composition –> similar to cell nuclear membrane: dx

A

herpesviridae –> bud thru & acquire envelope from host cell nuclear membrane

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21
Q

enveloped nucleocapsid virus –> how acquire envelope?

A

bud thru plasma membrane of host cell

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22
Q

carotid sinus reflex –> afferent limb

A

carotid sinus baroreceptors –> glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) –> vagal nucleus, medullary center

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23
Q

carotid sinus reflex –> efferent limb

A

Parasym impulses via vagus N (CN X)

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24
Q

carotid sinus hypersensitivity: presentation

A

pressure on carotid sinus –> severe bradycardia, hypotension, syncope

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25
Q

uncal herniation: compresses what? which results in?

A

CN III as it exits midbrain –> oculomotor N palsy –> fixed dilated pupil

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26
Q

Dx: chronic alcoholic, severe malnourish –> low urinary riboflavin

A

riboflavin (B2) def

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27
Q

riboflavin: precursor to?

A

coenyzmes FMN & FAD

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28
Q

FAD: fx

A

ETC: electron acceptor for succinate deH (complex II)

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29
Q

succinate deH: rxn

A

succinate –> fumarate

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30
Q

succinate deH: involved in what pathway?

A

TCA & ETC

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31
Q

riboflavin: important for?

A

ETC

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32
Q

pathologic vertebral fracture: common cause

A

osteoporosis

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33
Q

atypical depression: charact

A
  • mood reactivity
  • leaden paralysis
  • rejection sensitivity
  • increased sleep & appetite
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34
Q

atypical depression: main distinguishing charact

A

mood reactivity

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35
Q

what is: mood reactivity

A

feeling better in response to positive events

36
Q

localized amyloidosis in cardiac atria: precursor peptide?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

37
Q

localized amyloidosis in thyroid: precursor peptide?

A

calcitonin

38
Q

localized amyloidosis in pancreatic islets: precursor peptide?

A

islet amyloid protein (amylin)

39
Q

localized amyloidosis in cerebrum, cerebral blood vessels: precursor peptide?

A

B-amyloid protein

40
Q

localized amyloidosis in pituitary: precursor peptide?

41
Q

primary systemic amyloidosis: precursor peptide?

A

immune globulin light chains

42
Q

finasteride: MOA

A

5a-reductase inh -> suppress peripheral conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

43
Q

finasteride: use

A
  • BPH

- androgenetic alopecia

44
Q

5a-reductase inh: drug name?

A

finasteride

45
Q

prolonged ACTH stim –> leads to?

A

hyperplasia of zona fasciculata & reticularis

46
Q

obstructive sleep apnea: ssx

A
  • daytime sleepiness
  • HA
  • depression
47
Q

obstructive sleep apnea: comp

A
  • systemic & pulm HTN
  • RH fail
  • increase risk for cardiac events
48
Q

another name for Pick’s dz?

A

frontotemporal dementia

49
Q

frontotemporal dementia: pathophys

A

pronounced atrophy of frontal lobe

50
Q

frontotemporal dementia: initial presentation

A

change in personality, social beh, language

51
Q

c-myc: fx

A

transcription activator

52
Q

Burkitt lymphoma: translocation

53
Q

Burkitt lymphoma: histology

A

“starry sky” w tingible body macrophages

54
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: mnemonic for points A, B, C, D

A

MAAM
COCO

A: MV –> close
B: AV –> open
C: AV –> close
D: MV –> open

55
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: ventricular systole is represented by?

A

A–>B, B–>C

56
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: ventricular diastole is represented by?

A

B–>D, D–>A

57
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: what is A–>B?

A

isovol contraction

58
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: what is B–>C?

A

V ejection

59
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: what is C–>D?

A

isovol relax

60
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: what is D–>A?

61
Q

ventricular pressure-vol loop: what happens when increase circulating vol?

A

increase preload (LVEDV) –> rightward widening of loop

62
Q

cardinal veins: give rise to?

A

SVC, other constituents of systemic venous circ

63
Q

developing embryo –> common cardinal veins –> drain into?

A

sinus venosus

64
Q

most common 1ary cerebral neoplasm in adults?

A

glioblastoma

65
Q

single brain tumor: 1ary or metastatic?

66
Q

metastatic brain tumor: gross presentation on brain

A

mult well-circumscribed lesions at gray-white jx

67
Q

glioblastoma: most common location

A

w/in cerebral hemispheres –> may cross midline (corpus callosum)

68
Q

glioblastoma that crosses midline is called?

A

butterfly glioma

69
Q

glioblastoma: level of malig

A

highly malig

70
Q

glioblastoma: gross appearance on brain

A

areas of necrosis & hemorrhage

71
Q

increased ICP at temporal lobe –> leads to?

A

uncal herniation

72
Q

severe hypoglycemia w LOC: tx

A

nonmedical setting: IM glucagon

medical setting: IV dextrose

73
Q

HF d/t LV systolic dysfx: what drugs improve long-term survival?

A
  • BB
  • ACEI
  • ARB
  • aldos ant
74
Q

CN VII –> exits skull thru what?

A

stylomastoid foramen

75
Q

CN VII: fx in face

A

muscles of facial expression

76
Q

acute cardiac transplant rejection: histology

A

dense mononuclear lymphocytic infiltrate w cardiac myocyte damage

77
Q

acute cardiac transplant rejection: when does it occur?

A

wks after transplant

78
Q

what is: type II (B) error

A

falsely conclude that there is no difference

79
Q

what is: type I (a) error?

A

falsely conclude there is a difference

80
Q

ST elevation –> lead II, III, aVF –> what artery is occluded?

81
Q

ST elevation –> lead V1-V4 –> what artery is occluded?

A

proximal LAD

82
Q

ST elevation –> lead V5, V6 –> what artery is occluded?

83
Q

occlusion of RCA –> affects what area of the heart?

A

inf wall of LV

84
Q

occlusion of proximal LAD –> affects what area of the heart?

A

anteroseptal

85
Q

occlusion of LCX –> affects what area of the heart?

A

lat wall of LV

86
Q

occlusion of RCA –> may what dysfx of what?

A

sinus node

87
Q

sinus node: supplied by what artery?

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