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UWorld > 7.2.16 > Flashcards

7.2.16 Flashcards

1
Q

Ehlers-Danlos: defining charact

A
  • jt hypermobile

- hyperextensible, fragile skin

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2
Q

what colonic polyp can progress to adenoCA? what can’t?

A

neoplastic polyp:

  • adenomatous –> villous more likely than tubular
  • serrated

non-neoplastic polyp:

  • hyperplastic
  • hamartomatous
  • inflamm
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3
Q

granulomatosis w polyangiitis (Wegener’s): histology

A
  • crescents
  • IF-
  • elevated c-ANCA
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4
Q

hereditary spherocytosis: mode of inheritance

A

AD

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5
Q

A-fib –> most common site of thrombus?

A

LA appendage

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6
Q

what is: ALS

A

degen disorder of UMN & LMN of corticospinal tract –> ant motor horn, lat corticospinal tract

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7
Q

cofactor for methylmalonyl CoA mutase

A

vitB12

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8
Q

methylmalonic acidemia: how confirm dx?

A

elevated urine methylmalonic acid, propionic acid

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9
Q

prolonged burning substernal pain, ST elevation in leads I & V3-6 –> indicates?

A

anterolat LV infarct

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10
Q

inh gamma-aminolevulinate synthase –> leads to?

A

sideroblastic anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)

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11
Q

what is: Curling’s ulcer

A

stress-related mucosal dz: severe trauma, burn –> hypovol, hypotension –> local ischemia –> impair mucus protection –> ulcer

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12
Q

fasting glucose: value to dx DM

A

126

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13
Q

clopidogrel: MOA

A

platelet –> irrev block P2Y12 cmpt of ADP receptor –> prevent platelet aggregation

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14
Q

parvovirus B19: replicates in?

A

erythrocyte precursors in BM

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15
Q

what is: buspirone

A

nonbenzo anxiolytic –> trt GAD

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16
Q

methylmalonyl CoA mutase –> complete def –> ssx?

A

newborn:
- lethargy
- vomit
- tachypnea

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17
Q

what are signs of end organ damage?

A
  • acute coronary synd
  • encephalopathy
  • pulm edema
  • acute kidney injury
  • intracranial, subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • aortic dissection
  • papilledema, retinal hemorrhage, exudate
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18
Q

how is Rb protein turned off?

A

prolif signal –> activate cyclin-dep kinase 4 (CDK4) –> hyperphos Rb

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19
Q

hypoxemia (low PaO2): cause

A
  • alveolar hypovent
  • vent-perfusion mismatch
  • diffusion impair
  • R–>L shunt
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20
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia: pathophys

A

t(15;17) –> promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARa) fusion gene –> unable to signal for proper cell differentiation

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21
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): who?

A

middle age adults –> sporadic

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22
Q

what is: stress-related mucosal dz

A

severe physiologic stress –> shock, extensive burn, sepsis, severe trauma –> local ischemia –> gastric ulcer

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23
Q

mycoplasma pnemoniae –> hemolytic anemia –> pathophys?

A

shares antigen w human RBC –> cross-reacting IgM Ab (cold agglutinins) –> lyse RBC

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24
Q

what is: Hawthorne effect

A

observer effect –> study subj –> aware being studied –> change beh

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25
Q

what is: Janeway lesion

A

acute infective endocarditis –> septic embolization from valve vegetations –> nontender, macular, erythematous lesions –> usu palms/soles

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26
Q

granulomatosis w polyangiitis (Wegener’s): triad

A
  • pulm ssx
  • URT involvement
  • RPGN
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27
Q

FOOSH –> can lead to?

A

dislocate lunate bone

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28
Q

what is: Eccentric hypertrophy

A

type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged

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29
Q

what is: Cushing’s ulcer

A

stress-related mucosal dz: intracranial injury –> increase ICP –> direct stim vagus –> increase gastric acid secrete –> ulcer

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30
Q

lunate bone: location

A

more medial of the 2 carpal bones that articulate w radius

31
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta: defining charact

A
  • spont fracture
  • bone & tooth malform
  • blue sclera
32
Q

how does isoniazid cause B6 def?

A

direct inh pyridoxine phosphokinase: cannot convert pyridoxine to active form

33
Q

myasthenia gravis: pathophys

A

autoimmune –> NMJ –> postsyn terminal –> decrease fxal ACh receptors –> ACh can’t bind & open postsyn cation channels –> decrease end plate potential –> can’t reach threshold potential –> no AP

34
Q

what is: Heinz body

A

Hb precipitate –> seen in G6PD def d/t oxidative stress

35
Q

methylmalonic acidemia: cause

A

AR –> methylmalonyl CoA mutase

36
Q

what is: transudate

A

ultrafiltrate of plasma caused by hemodynamic changes

37
Q

hydroxylation of proline & lysine residues in collagen: fx? where?

A

max tensile strength

rER

38
Q

clopidogrel: use

A

prevent CV events in CAD pts (as effective as ASA)

39
Q

what is: Osler node

A

finger, toe –> painful, violaceous nodule

40
Q

lat corticospinal tract degen –> ssx

A

UMN signs

41
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia: assoc dz

A

DIC

42
Q

1g carb = how many Calories?

A

4

43
Q

methylmalonic acidemia: lab findings

A
  • hyperammonemia
  • ketotic hypoglycemia
  • metab acid
44
Q

vitC def: ssx

A
  • bleeding gums
  • ecchymosis, petechiae
  • impaired wound heal
45
Q

cardiogenic acute pulm edema: histology

A

increased infiltration of plasma H2O & electrolytes into lung interstitium & alveoli

46
Q

hemophilia: classic manifestation

A
  • hemarthrosis
  • delayed, prolong bleeding following minor trauma, surg
  • intramusc hemorrhage
47
Q

what is: retinoblastoma (Rb) protein

A

regulator of G1–>S phase transition:

  • hypophos –> active –> bind E2F transcription factor –> inh gene transciption necess for G1–>S transition
  • hyperphos –> inactive –> release E2F
48
Q

Ehlers-Danlos: mutation

A

collagen type V

49
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis: fx

A

wrist extend

50
Q

mild hemophilia A: tx? MOA?

A

desmopressin (DDAVP):

  • increase circulating levels of factor VIII
  • stim vWF secretion
51
Q

what is: exudate

A

extravasation of plasma, plasma protein, circulating lymphocytes –> seen in inflamm states

52
Q

G6PD def: mode of inheritance

A

XR

53
Q

1g protein = how many Calories?

A

4

54
Q

mycoplasma pnemoniae –> what dz?

A
  • walking pneumonia

- tracheobronchitis

55
Q

gallbladder hypomotility: features

A
  • postprandial RUQ discomfort
  • CCK stim –> slow/incomplete gallbladder emptying
  • biliary stasis –> gallbladder continue to actively absorb H2O from bile –> bile concentration –> bile precipitate –> biliary sludge –> risk for stone formation, bile duct obstruct
56
Q

bacterial endocarditis –> types of lesions? cause?

A

embolization of septic vegetations:

  • Janeway lesion
  • Osler node
  • splinter hemorrhage
  • Roth spots
57
Q

1g fat = how many Calories?

A

9

58
Q

what is pyridoxine needed for?

A

heme syn: cofactor for gamma-aminolevulinate synthase –> rate limiting step

59
Q

highly lipophilic anesthetic drug: mult-compartment model of distribution? results in?

A

IV admin:

1) high [] in central cmpt (plasma)
2) rapidly dist to well-vascularized peripheral cmpt –> brain, liver, kidney, lungs, heart
3) re-dist over time –> poorly vascularized peripheral cmpt –> skeletal muscle, fat, bone

short DOA

60
Q

methylmalonic acidemia: pathophys

A

normally: catabolism of aa –> propionyl CoA –> methylmalonyl CoA –> succinyl CoA –> enter TCA

cannot convert methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA –> methylmalonic acid, propionic acid buildup:

  • metab acid
  • inh gluconeogenesis –> hypoglycemia
  • inh urea cycle –> hyperammonia
61
Q

when should you suspect dilated cardiomyopathy caused by viral myocarditis?

A

progressive onset of HF in setting of recent viral infect

62
Q

ant motor horn degen –> ssx

A

LMN signs

63
Q

ankylosing spondylitis: ssx

A
  • axial jt –> stiff & fuse (ankylosis)
  • inflamm at tendon insertion to bone (enthesitis)
  • limited chest expansion –> hypovent: involvement of thoracic spine, costovertebral/costosternal jx
64
Q

what is: HTN emergency

A

severe HTN (>180/120) + end organ damage

65
Q

buspirone: charact

A
  • slow onset of axn
  • no muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant properties
  • no risk of dependence
66
Q

aortic dissection: #1 RF

A

HTN

67
Q

anterolat LV infarct: comp

A
  • LV fail
  • cardiogenic acute pulm edema
  • pulm venous HTN (congestion)
  • transudate of plasma into lung interstitium & alveoli
68
Q

how does viral myocarditis lead to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

myocardial inflamm –> heart chambers –> dilate & enlrg (eccentric hypertrophy) –> decrease V contractility (systolic dysfx)

69
Q

lat epicondylitis: cause? ssx?

A

overuse extensor carpi radialis brevis –> angiofibroblastic tendinosis at its origin on lat epicondyle

70
Q

what is: biotin

A

vitB7

71
Q

what is normal partial pressure of O2 in alveoli?

A

104

72
Q

name the opsonins

A
  • IgG

- C3b

73
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia: tx? MOA?

A

all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) –> stim differentiation of myeloblasts to mature granulocytes

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