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UWorld > 6.5.16 > Flashcards

6.5.16 Flashcards

1
Q

what is: confidence interval

A

% confident that true means within this interval

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2
Q

MEN2A

A
  • pheochromocytoma
  • medullar thyroid carcinoma (malig of parafollicular C cells)
  • PTH hyperplasia
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3
Q

Pterion fracture –> lacerate what vessel? –> lead to what?

A

middle meningeal –> epidural hematoma

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4
Q

ataxia telangiectasia: cause

A

AR –> ATM gene –> DNA brk repair

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5
Q

intra-abd infect: most likely org?

A
  • Bacteroides fragilis

- E. coli

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6
Q

ataxia telangiectasia: ssx

A

triad: cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, sinopulm infect

IgA def –> URI + LRI

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7
Q

1st pharyngeal arch: forms?

A
  • CN V
  • mandible
  • maxilla
  • zygoma
  • incus
  • malleus
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8
Q

bradykinin: effect?

A
  • vasodilate
  • increase vasc permeability
  • contract non-vasc SM
  • pain
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9
Q

BCKDC, pyruvate deH, a-ketoglutarate deH: cofactors?

A

Tender Loving Care for Nancy:

  • thiamine
  • lipoate
  • coenzyme A
  • FAD
  • NAD
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10
Q

Enterococci –> resistance to aminoglycoside

A

aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme –> transfer different chem grps to abs –> impair binding to ribosomal subunits

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11
Q

Case: young healthy pt –> recurrent chest pain, tachycardia, SOB, sweat, tremulous –> normal EKG

dx?
tx: immed, longterm

A

panic disorder
benzo
SSRI/SNRI, cog beh therapy

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12
Q

Clostridium botulinum: effect

A

neurotoxin –> decrease release ACh –> 3D’s –> diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia

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13
Q

MEN2B

A
  • pheochromocytoma
  • medullar thyroid carcinoma (malig of parafollicular C cells)
  • mucosal neuroma, marfanoid habitus
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14
Q

What is: pterion

A

jx of frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid

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15
Q

sens/spec table

A

dz
+ -
test + TP FP PPV = a/a+b
- FN TN

        sn   sp
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16
Q

pyruvate –> acetyl CoA

enzyme?

A

pyruvate deH

17
Q

what is: maple syrup urine dz?

A

AR –> mutated branched chain a-ketoacid deH complex (BCKDC) –> decrease breakdown of branched chain aa –> increase leucine, isoleucine, valine –> neurotoxicity, sweet urine

18
Q

treacher-collins synd: pathogenesis

A

abnormal dev of 1st & 2nd pharyngeal arches

19
Q

disseminated candidiasis: cause

A

neutropenia –> can’t prevent hematogenous spread

20
Q

ventral pancreatic bud: forms?

A

uncinate process, inf/post portion of head, major pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)

21
Q

diabetes insipidus: effect

A

hyper osmotic vol contract (lose free H2O, retain electrolytes)

22
Q

95% CI: calc

A

+/- 1.96 SE = 1.96 SD/sqrt(n)

23
Q

pyramidal motor system: components

A
  • corticospinal tract
  • brainstem
  • internal capsule
  • pre central gyrus (1ary motor cortex)
24
Q

pyruvate –> lactic acid

enzyme?

A

lactate deH

25
Q

middle meningeal –> br of?

A

maxillary A

26
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch: forms?

A
  • CN VII
  • stapes
  • styloid process
  • lesser horn of hyoid
27
Q

maple syrup urine dz: tx?

A

1) dietary restriction: leucine, isoleucine, valine

2) high dose thiamine

28
Q

vasopressin, desmopressin: MOA

A

inner medullary collecting duct –> V2 receptor –> increase H2O, urea permeability –> increase resorb urea (decrease clearance) –> increase medullary osmotic gradient –> max concentrated urine

29
Q

what is: standard error

A

variability of means of different samples of the pop –> help estimate true mean

30
Q

What is: length (space) constant

A

measure of how far along axon an electrical impulse can propagate

31
Q

sarcoidosis: key ssx

A
  • noncaseating granuloma
  • bilat hilar adenopathy
  • Ca2+
  • ACE
32
Q

maple syrup urine dz: mnemonic

A

I Love Vermont maple syrup

  • isoleucine
  • leucine
  • valine
33
Q

Case: young black F –> cough, dyspnea –> bilat hilar adenopathy

dx?

A

sarcoidosis

34
Q

DM1: prone to what other dz?

A

other autoimmune endocrinopathy:

  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • Graves dz
  • 1ary adrenal insuff (Addison’s dz)
35
Q

neural crest: forms?

A

MOTEL PASS:

  • melanocyte
  • odontoblast
  • tracheal cartilage
  • enterochromaffin cells
  • laryngeal cartilage
  • parafollicular cells of thyroid
  • adrenal medulla, all ganglia
  • Schwann cells
  • spiral membrane
36
Q

epinephrine: effect?

A
  • a1, B1: increase SBP
  • B1: increase HR
  • a1 or B2: increase or decrease DBP

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