6.5.16 Flashcards
what is: confidence interval
% confident that true means within this interval
MEN2A
- pheochromocytoma
- medullar thyroid carcinoma (malig of parafollicular C cells)
- PTH hyperplasia
Pterion fracture –> lacerate what vessel? –> lead to what?
middle meningeal –> epidural hematoma
ataxia telangiectasia: cause
AR –> ATM gene –> DNA brk repair
intra-abd infect: most likely org?
- Bacteroides fragilis
- E. coli
ataxia telangiectasia: ssx
triad: cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, sinopulm infect
IgA def –> URI + LRI
1st pharyngeal arch: forms?
- CN V
- mandible
- maxilla
- zygoma
- incus
- malleus
bradykinin: effect?
- vasodilate
- increase vasc permeability
- contract non-vasc SM
- pain
BCKDC, pyruvate deH, a-ketoglutarate deH: cofactors?
Tender Loving Care for Nancy:
- thiamine
- lipoate
- coenzyme A
- FAD
- NAD
Enterococci –> resistance to aminoglycoside
aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme –> transfer different chem grps to abs –> impair binding to ribosomal subunits
Case: young healthy pt –> recurrent chest pain, tachycardia, SOB, sweat, tremulous –> normal EKG
dx?
tx: immed, longterm
panic disorder
benzo
SSRI/SNRI, cog beh therapy
Clostridium botulinum: effect
neurotoxin –> decrease release ACh –> 3D’s –> diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia
MEN2B
- pheochromocytoma
- medullar thyroid carcinoma (malig of parafollicular C cells)
- mucosal neuroma, marfanoid habitus
What is: pterion
jx of frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid
sens/spec table
dz
+ -
test + TP FP PPV = a/a+b
- FN TN
sn sp
pyruvate –> acetyl CoA
enzyme?
pyruvate deH
what is: maple syrup urine dz?
AR –> mutated branched chain a-ketoacid deH complex (BCKDC) –> decrease breakdown of branched chain aa –> increase leucine, isoleucine, valine –> neurotoxicity, sweet urine
treacher-collins synd: pathogenesis
abnormal dev of 1st & 2nd pharyngeal arches
disseminated candidiasis: cause
neutropenia –> can’t prevent hematogenous spread
ventral pancreatic bud: forms?
uncinate process, inf/post portion of head, major pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)
diabetes insipidus: effect
hyper osmotic vol contract (lose free H2O, retain electrolytes)
95% CI: calc
+/- 1.96 SE = 1.96 SD/sqrt(n)
pyramidal motor system: components
- corticospinal tract
- brainstem
- internal capsule
- pre central gyrus (1ary motor cortex)
pyruvate –> lactic acid
enzyme?
lactate deH
middle meningeal –> br of?
maxillary A
2nd pharyngeal arch: forms?
- CN VII
- stapes
- styloid process
- lesser horn of hyoid
maple syrup urine dz: tx?
1) dietary restriction: leucine, isoleucine, valine
2) high dose thiamine
vasopressin, desmopressin: MOA
inner medullary collecting duct –> V2 receptor –> increase H2O, urea permeability –> increase resorb urea (decrease clearance) –> increase medullary osmotic gradient –> max concentrated urine
what is: standard error
variability of means of different samples of the pop –> help estimate true mean
What is: length (space) constant
measure of how far along axon an electrical impulse can propagate
sarcoidosis: key ssx
- noncaseating granuloma
- bilat hilar adenopathy
- Ca2+
- ACE
maple syrup urine dz: mnemonic
I Love Vermont maple syrup
- isoleucine
- leucine
- valine
Case: young black F –> cough, dyspnea –> bilat hilar adenopathy
dx?
sarcoidosis
DM1: prone to what other dz?
other autoimmune endocrinopathy:
- Hashimoto thyroiditis
- Graves dz
- 1ary adrenal insuff (Addison’s dz)
neural crest: forms?
MOTEL PASS:
- melanocyte
- odontoblast
- tracheal cartilage
- enterochromaffin cells
- laryngeal cartilage
- parafollicular cells of thyroid
- adrenal medulla, all ganglia
- Schwann cells
- spiral membrane
epinephrine: effect?
- a1, B1: increase SBP
- B1: increase HR
- a1 or B2: increase or decrease DBP
