7.1.16 NBME 17 Flashcards
Kartagener synd: pathophys
inherited defect of dynein arm –> necess for ciliary mvmt
11 hydroxylase def: 17-hydroxyprogesterone level
increased
vagus N: fx
- epiglottis –> taste
- swallow
- soft palate elevate
- midline uvula
- talk
- cough
- thoracoabd viscera
- monitor aortic arch chemo/baroreceptors
dev milestones: 2-4yo
- 2yo: 2 steps, 2step command, 2 word, 6 blocks
- 3yo: tricycle, 3word sentence, brush teeth, draw circle
- 4yo: hop, copy cross, play w kids
17 hydroxylase def: hormone levels
- decrease: cortisol, androgen
- increase: weak mineralocorticoid (DOC)
hemiballismus: results from?
damage contralat subthalamic nucleus
facial N: fx
- face mvmt
- ant 2/3 tongue –> taste
- lacrimation
- salivation
- eyelid close
- stapedius M in ear
abducens N: fx
eye mvmt
break mandible –> what N injure?
inf alveolar N
differentiate: case-ctrl vs cohort study
- case-ctrl: dz vs no dz –> RF?
- cohort: RF vs no RF –> dz?
what is: molluscum contagiosum
flesh colored, dome shaped, umbilicated skin lesions –> anywhere except palms/soles –> usu trunk
trochlear N: fx
eye mvmt
11-hydroxylase def: ssx
- Na retention –> HTN
- mild hypoK
- low renin, aldos
fibromuscular dysplasia: imaging
renal A –> “string of beads”
pleural effusion: effect on?
- breath sounds
- percussion
- tractile fremitus
- breath sounds: decrease
- percussion: dull
- tractile fremitus: decrease
21 hydroxylase def: classic form
neonate:
- hypoNa –> hypovol –> life-threatening hypotension
- hyperK
- F: clitoral enlrgmt (genital ambiguity)
pneumothorax: effect on?
- breath sounds
- percussion
- tractile fremitus
- breath sounds: decrease
- percussion: hyperresonant
- tractile fremitus: decrease
what is: cohort study
compare grp w exposure/risk vs grp w/out –> see if exposure increase likelihood of dz
drug trial: phase I
small # of healthy volunteers –> is it safe? –> assess safety, toxicity, pharmacodynamics
cirrhosis –> gynecomastia –> why?
cirrhosis –> decrease estrogen metab
vestibulocochlear N: fx
- hearing
- balance
11-hydroxylase def: hormone levels
same as 21 hydroxylase def –> but weak mineralocorticoid (DOC) is made
what is: internuclear ophthalmoplegia
lesion in MLF –> lack of comm bw CN VI & III –> VI activate ipsilat LR but contralat III not stim MR
what is: hemiballismus
sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm & ipsilat leg
21 hydroxylase def: hormone levels
- decrease: aldos, cortisol
- increase: androgen
accessory N: fx
- turn head
- shrug shoulder
what is: relative risk
(risk of dz w exposure)/(risk of dz w no exposure)
internal iliac A: fx
main artery of pelvis:
- walls & viscera of pelvis
- buttock
- reprod organs
- med cmpt of thigh
say “ah” –> tests?
vagus N
17-hydroxylase def: ssx
- DOC: Na retention –> HTN, mild hypoK, low renin/aldos
- low androgen: 1ary amenorrhea, no pubic hair (F), pseudohermaphroditism (M)
consolidation (ie lobar pneumonia): effect on?
- breath sounds
- percussion
- tractile fremitus
- breath sounds: bronchial breath sounds, late inspiratory crackles
- percussion: dull
- tractile fremitus: increase
hypoglossal N: fx
mv tongue
atelectasis (ie bronchial obstruction): effect on?
- breath sounds
- percussion
- tractile fremitus
- breath sounds: decrease
- percussion: dull
- tractile fremitus: decrease
- trachea deviate toward lesion
ectopic preg: classic presentation
lower quad abd pain few wks after missed period
glossopharyngeal N: fx
- post 1/3 tongue –> taste, somatosensation
- swallow
- salivation (parotid gland)
- monitor carotid body, sinus chemo/baroreceptors
- stylopharyngeus –> elevate pharynx, larynx
oculomotor N: fx
- eye mvmt
- pupil constrict
- accomodation
- eyelid open
molluscum contagiosum: cause
poxvirus
drug trial: phase III
lrg # pts –> drug vs standard drug –> as good or better?
what % is normal saline for IV infusion?
0.9%
21 hydroxylase def: 17-hydroxyprogesterone level
increased
location: SA node
jx of SVC & RA
trigeminal N: fx
- mastication
- face sensation
- ant 2/3 tongue –> somatosensation
what is: odds ratio
(odds that grp w dz was exposed to RF)/(odds that grp w/out dz was exposed)
= (a/c)/(b/d)
drug trial: phase II
small # of pts –> does it work? –> assess efficacy, optimal dosing, AE
MLF: location
midbrain –> level of inf colliculi –> midline
what is: medial longitudinal fasciculus
pair of tracts that allow crosstalk bw CN VI & III nuclei –> coordinate both eyes to mv in same horizontal direction
alcohol-related liver dz: histology
- swelling hepatocyte
- Mallory body (damaged cytokeratin interm filament)
labia majora –> counterpart in M?
scrotum
how do the following change w age?
- RV
- arterial pO2
- alv-art pO2 difference
- RV: increase
- arterial pO2: decrease
- alv-art pO2 difference: increase
fibromuscular dysplasia –> leads to? who?
middle age F –> severe HTN
how long to recover from spinal shock? what happens then?
10 wks –> hyper-reflexia
drug trial: phase IV
postmarketing surveillance trial –> can it stay? –> rare, longterm AE
bilat INO –> indicates?
mult sclerosis –> demyelinate MLF
how stim testosterone production?
ant pit –> LH –> Leydig cell –> testosterone
M –> hCG injections –> dev gynecomastia –> why?
hCG –> testicle –> androgens –> peripheral aromatase –> estradiol –> gynecomastia
hCG has same a-subunit as TSH, LH, FSH
17 hydroxylase def: 17-hydroxyprogesterone level
decreased
dev milestones: 0-12mo
- 1mo: lift head, track w eyes, coo, recog parent
- 6mo: sit up, raking grasp, babble, stranger anxiety
- 9mo: walk w assistance, 3finger grasp, mama/dada(?), wave bye/pattycake
- 12mo: walk, 2finger pincer grasp, mama/dada, imitate parent
21 hydroxylase def: nonclassic form
present later in life:
- M –> precocious puberty
- F –> menstrual irreg, hirsutism
enterococcus: gen charact
- G+ cocci in pairs, chains
- non-hemolytic (gamma-hemolytic)
- catalase-
