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UWorld > 7.1.16 NBME 17 > Flashcards

7.1.16 NBME 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Kartagener synd: pathophys

A

inherited defect of dynein arm –> necess for ciliary mvmt

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2
Q

11 hydroxylase def: 17-hydroxyprogesterone level

A

increased

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3
Q

vagus N: fx

A
  • epiglottis –> taste
  • swallow
  • soft palate elevate
  • midline uvula
  • talk
  • cough
  • thoracoabd viscera
  • monitor aortic arch chemo/baroreceptors
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4
Q

dev milestones: 2-4yo

A
  • 2yo: 2 steps, 2step command, 2 word, 6 blocks
  • 3yo: tricycle, 3word sentence, brush teeth, draw circle
  • 4yo: hop, copy cross, play w kids
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5
Q

17 hydroxylase def: hormone levels

A
  • decrease: cortisol, androgen

- increase: weak mineralocorticoid (DOC)

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6
Q

hemiballismus: results from?

A

damage contralat subthalamic nucleus

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7
Q

facial N: fx

A
  • face mvmt
  • ant 2/3 tongue –> taste
  • lacrimation
  • salivation
  • eyelid close
  • stapedius M in ear
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8
Q

abducens N: fx

A

eye mvmt

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9
Q

break mandible –> what N injure?

A

inf alveolar N

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10
Q

differentiate: case-ctrl vs cohort study

A
  • case-ctrl: dz vs no dz –> RF?

- cohort: RF vs no RF –> dz?

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11
Q

what is: molluscum contagiosum

A

flesh colored, dome shaped, umbilicated skin lesions –> anywhere except palms/soles –> usu trunk

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12
Q

trochlear N: fx

A

eye mvmt

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13
Q

11-hydroxylase def: ssx

A
  • Na retention –> HTN
  • mild hypoK
  • low renin, aldos
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14
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia: imaging

A

renal A –> “string of beads”

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15
Q

pleural effusion: effect on?

  • breath sounds
  • percussion
  • tractile fremitus
A
  • breath sounds: decrease
  • percussion: dull
  • tractile fremitus: decrease
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16
Q

21 hydroxylase def: classic form

A

neonate:
- hypoNa –> hypovol –> life-threatening hypotension
- hyperK
- F: clitoral enlrgmt (genital ambiguity)

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17
Q

pneumothorax: effect on?
- breath sounds
- percussion
- tractile fremitus

A
  • breath sounds: decrease
  • percussion: hyperresonant
  • tractile fremitus: decrease
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18
Q

what is: cohort study

A

compare grp w exposure/risk vs grp w/out –> see if exposure increase likelihood of dz

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19
Q

drug trial: phase I

A

small # of healthy volunteers –> is it safe? –> assess safety, toxicity, pharmacodynamics

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20
Q

cirrhosis –> gynecomastia –> why?

A

cirrhosis –> decrease estrogen metab

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21
Q

vestibulocochlear N: fx

A
  • hearing

- balance

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22
Q

11-hydroxylase def: hormone levels

A

same as 21 hydroxylase def –> but weak mineralocorticoid (DOC) is made

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23
Q

what is: internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

lesion in MLF –> lack of comm bw CN VI & III –> VI activate ipsilat LR but contralat III not stim MR

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24
Q

what is: hemiballismus

A

sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm & ipsilat leg

25
Q

21 hydroxylase def: hormone levels

A
  • decrease: aldos, cortisol

- increase: androgen

26
Q

accessory N: fx

A
  • turn head

- shrug shoulder

27
Q

what is: relative risk

A

(risk of dz w exposure)/(risk of dz w no exposure)

28
Q

internal iliac A: fx

A

main artery of pelvis:

  • walls & viscera of pelvis
  • buttock
  • reprod organs
  • med cmpt of thigh
29
Q

say “ah” –> tests?

A

vagus N

30
Q

17-hydroxylase def: ssx

A
  • DOC: Na retention –> HTN, mild hypoK, low renin/aldos

- low androgen: 1ary amenorrhea, no pubic hair (F), pseudohermaphroditism (M)

31
Q

consolidation (ie lobar pneumonia): effect on?

  • breath sounds
  • percussion
  • tractile fremitus
A
  • breath sounds: bronchial breath sounds, late inspiratory crackles
  • percussion: dull
  • tractile fremitus: increase
32
Q

hypoglossal N: fx

A

mv tongue

33
Q

atelectasis (ie bronchial obstruction): effect on?

  • breath sounds
  • percussion
  • tractile fremitus
A
  • breath sounds: decrease
  • percussion: dull
  • tractile fremitus: decrease
  • trachea deviate toward lesion
34
Q

ectopic preg: classic presentation

A

lower quad abd pain few wks after missed period

35
Q

glossopharyngeal N: fx

A
  • post 1/3 tongue –> taste, somatosensation
  • swallow
  • salivation (parotid gland)
  • monitor carotid body, sinus chemo/baroreceptors
  • stylopharyngeus –> elevate pharynx, larynx
36
Q

oculomotor N: fx

A
  • eye mvmt
  • pupil constrict
  • accomodation
  • eyelid open
37
Q

molluscum contagiosum: cause

A

poxvirus

38
Q

drug trial: phase III

A

lrg # pts –> drug vs standard drug –> as good or better?

39
Q

what % is normal saline for IV infusion?

A

0.9%

40
Q

21 hydroxylase def: 17-hydroxyprogesterone level

A

increased

41
Q

location: SA node

A

jx of SVC & RA

42
Q

trigeminal N: fx

A
  • mastication
  • face sensation
  • ant 2/3 tongue –> somatosensation
43
Q

what is: odds ratio

A

(odds that grp w dz was exposed to RF)/(odds that grp w/out dz was exposed)
= (a/c)/(b/d)

44
Q

drug trial: phase II

A

small # of pts –> does it work? –> assess efficacy, optimal dosing, AE

45
Q

MLF: location

A

midbrain –> level of inf colliculi –> midline

46
Q

what is: medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

pair of tracts that allow crosstalk bw CN VI & III nuclei –> coordinate both eyes to mv in same horizontal direction

47
Q

alcohol-related liver dz: histology

A
  • swelling hepatocyte

- Mallory body (damaged cytokeratin interm filament)

48
Q

labia majora –> counterpart in M?

A

scrotum

49
Q

how do the following change w age?

  • RV
  • arterial pO2
  • alv-art pO2 difference
A
  • RV: increase
  • arterial pO2: decrease
  • alv-art pO2 difference: increase
50
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia –> leads to? who?

A

middle age F –> severe HTN

51
Q

how long to recover from spinal shock? what happens then?

A

10 wks –> hyper-reflexia

52
Q

drug trial: phase IV

A

postmarketing surveillance trial –> can it stay? –> rare, longterm AE

53
Q

bilat INO –> indicates?

A

mult sclerosis –> demyelinate MLF

54
Q

how stim testosterone production?

A

ant pit –> LH –> Leydig cell –> testosterone

55
Q

M –> hCG injections –> dev gynecomastia –> why?

A

hCG –> testicle –> androgens –> peripheral aromatase –> estradiol –> gynecomastia

hCG has same a-subunit as TSH, LH, FSH

56
Q

17 hydroxylase def: 17-hydroxyprogesterone level

A

decreased

57
Q

dev milestones: 0-12mo

A
  • 1mo: lift head, track w eyes, coo, recog parent
  • 6mo: sit up, raking grasp, babble, stranger anxiety
  • 9mo: walk w assistance, 3finger grasp, mama/dada(?), wave bye/pattycake
  • 12mo: walk, 2finger pincer grasp, mama/dada, imitate parent
58
Q

21 hydroxylase def: nonclassic form

A

present later in life:

  • M –> precocious puberty
  • F –> menstrual irreg, hirsutism
59
Q

enterococcus: gen charact

A
  • G+ cocci in pairs, chains
  • non-hemolytic (gamma-hemolytic)
  • catalase-

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