6.8.16

Question 1

Turner synd: renal ssx

Answer 1

• horseshoe kidney

Question 2

Turner synd: lymph ssx

Answer 2

• lymphedema

- cystic hygroma

Question 3

Turner synd: cardiac ssx

Answer 3

• bicuspid aortic valve

- aortic coarctation

Question 4

Turner synd: gyn ssx

Answer 4

• streak ovaries
• 1ary amenorrhea
• infertile

Question 5

Turner Synd: physical appearance

Answer 5

• short stature
• web neck
• shield chest
• low post hairline

Question 6

neural tube defect: prenatal dx

Answer 6

AFP & ACE in amniotic fluid

Question 7

chronic renal allograft rejection: ssx

Answer 7

• worsening HTN

- slow progressive rise in serum Cr

Question 8

chronic renal allograft rejection: renal bx findings

Answer 8

• obliterative fibrous intimal thickening
• tubular atrophy
• interstitial fibrosis

Question 9

post triangle of neck: which N vulnerable to injury?

Answer 9

spinal access N (CN XI)

Question 10

injure spinal access N: affect which muscle?

Answer 10

trapezius

Question 11

weak trapezius: ssx

Answer 11

• shoulder droop
• impaired abduction of arm above horizontal
• winging of scapula

Question 12

drugs w high hepatic clearance tend to have what property?

Answer 12

high lipophilic ==> & high vol of dist

Question 13

geriatric pt: drugs to avoid

Answer 13

• antichol –> ie 1st gen antihist
• a-blocker
• TCA
• sulfonylurea
• sedating pain meds

Question 14

what stimulates insulin release?

Answer 14

increased ATP production in pancreatic beta cell

Question 15

maturity-onset diabetes of the young: cause

Answer 15

glucokinase mutation

Question 16

Case: central vasc catheter + TPN + yeast in blood –> what infection?

Answer 16

candida

Question 17

femoral N injury: ssx

Answer 17

• weak quadriceps
• loss of patellar reflex
• loss of sensation: ant/med thigh, medial leg

Question 18

femoral N: runs along what muscle?

Answer 18

iliopsoas

Question 19

what indicates severe mitral regurg?

Answer 19

S3 –> high regurg vol, LV vol overload

Question 20

what produces S3?

Answer 20

tensing of chordae tendinae during rapid filling & expansion of ventricle

Question 21

what is: metab by 1st order kinetics

Answer 21

constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time

Question 22

drug –> continuous infusion –> metab by 1st order kinetics: how long to reach steady state?

Answer 22

4-5 half lives

Question 23

which histone is outside the histone core?

Answer 23

H1

Question 24

RA: typical findings

Answer 24

PIP & MCP: bilat pain, stiff, deformity

Question 25

what is: rheumatoid factor

Answer 25

IgM autoAb to Fc portion of IgG

Question 26

rheumatoid factor: indicates

Answer 26

marker of tissue damage & dz activity

Question 27

anaerobic glycolysis: how regenerate NAD+?

Answer 27

NADH transfer electrons to pyruvate to form lactate

Question 28

why is it important to regenerate NAD+ in glycolysis?

Answer 28

G3P deH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) –> 1-3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)

Cells have limited amts of NAD+ –> need for above run –> if use up NAD+ without regenerating it –> no more glycolysis

Question 29

vitA def: ssx

Answer 29

• night blindness

- hyperkeratosis

Question 30

vitA def: cause

Answer 30

• biliary disorder
• exocrine pancreas insuff
• intestinal malabsorption

Question 31

skeletal muscle contraction cycle: ATP binding causes?

Answer 31

myosin head to detach from actin filament