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UWorld > 6.20.16 > Flashcards

6.20.16 Flashcards

1
Q

how can you suppress peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

admin O2

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2
Q

calc: MAP

A

CO x TPR

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3
Q

common iliac veins become what?

A

IVC

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4
Q

severe HTN –> fibrinous necrosis of retinal arterioles –> manifestation on fundoscopy? why?

A

dot/flame-shaped hemorrhage

necrotic vessel –> bleed into nerve fiber layer

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5
Q

IL-12 receptor deficiency: tx

A

IFN-gamma

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6
Q

what is the major stimulator of respiration in healthy ppl?

A

PaCO2 (partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood)

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7
Q

what N goes thru the obturator foramen?

A

obturator N

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8
Q

5a-reductase def: clinical presentation in M

A

M pseudohermaphroditism:

  • feminized external genitalia –> masculinize at puberty
  • small phallus w hypospadias
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9
Q

B-hCG: fx

A

signal to corpus luteum in ovary to continue producing progesterone

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10
Q

pulsus paradoxus: definition

A

inspire –> SBP –> decrease >10mmHg

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11
Q

what produces BNP?

A

ventricles when they are stretched –> ie CHF from systolic dysfx

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12
Q

temporal giant cell arteritis: type of inflamm?

A

granulomatous inflamm of media

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13
Q

Friedreich ataxia: most important clinical presentation? d/t what?

A
  • progressive gait ataxia (degen of spinocerebellar tract)

- impaired joint & vibration sense (degen of post columns & dorsal root ganglia)

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14
Q

severe HTN: effect on retinal precapillary arterioles

A

disrupt endothelium –> plasma leak into arteriolar wall –> fibrinous necrosis

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15
Q

angiotensin II: effect

A
  • systemic vasoconstrict –> increase BP
  • eff art vasoconstrct –> increase GFR
  • aldos –> increase renal Na resorb –> increase BP
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16
Q

acute asthma/COPD exacerbation: tx

A

B-adrenergic agonist

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17
Q

level of spine: common iliac veins become IVC?

A

L4

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18
Q

phosphodiesterase inh: effect

A

relax vasc smooth muscle – vasodilate

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19
Q

calc: CO

A

SV x HR

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20
Q

long-standing RA can cause what?

A

affect C spine –> vertebral malalignment (subluxation) at atlantoaxial jt

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21
Q

when would you use a IVC filter?

A

pt w DVT/PE w CI to anticoag

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22
Q

lung apices: location

A

extend above clavicle & 1st rib

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23
Q

porcelain gallbladder: pathophys

A

chronic inflamm –> dystrophic intramural calcium salt deposition

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24
Q

what is responsible for dev of internal M genitalia?

A

testosterone

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25
Q

bulimia nervosa vs anorexia nervosa

A

bulimia: normal body wt
anorexia: BMI

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26
Q

angiotensin II: direct effect on kidney

A

vasoconstrict eff art –> increase GFR

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27
Q

what vasculitides have granulomatous inflamm of the media?

A
  • temporal giant cell arteritis

- Takayasu arteritis

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28
Q

gel electrophoresis: speed of Hb A, S, C movement

A

Hb A > S > C

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29
Q

when is B-hCG detectable in the urine?

A

14 days after fertilization

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30
Q

anal SCC: charact

A

ulcerative mass (>50% pt)

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31
Q

pulsus paradoxus: pathophys

A

inspire –> increase venous return –> increase vol in RH –> but constricted pericardial space –> RV can’t expand into pericardial space –> so IVS bow out into LV –> decrease LVEDV, SV –> decrease SBP during inspiration

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32
Q

HbC: pathophys

A

B globin chain –> missense mutation –> glutamate to lysine

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33
Q

VTE in preg: tx

A

LMWH (enoxaparin)

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34
Q

bulimia nervosa vs binge-eating disorder

A

bulimia: binge eat –> compensatory beh to prevent wt gain

binge eat: no compensatory beh

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35
Q

level of spine: renal V join IVC?

A

L1-2

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36
Q

intubation of pt w cervical subluxation: leads to?

A

acute compression of spinal cord, vertebral A

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37
Q

who is at increased risk for anal SCC?

A

HIV+ MSM

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38
Q

B-agonist for asthma/COPD exacerbation: MOA

A

increase intracell cAMP –> relax bronchial SM

39
Q

increase PaCO2 –> effect?

A

stim central chemoreceptors –> increase pulm ventilation

40
Q

what makes a naive T cell differentiate to a Th2 cell?

A

APC (not macrophage) –> IL-4

41
Q

what drug decreases degradation of cGMP?

A

phosphodiesterase inh (sildenafil)

42
Q

what produces B-hCG?

A

syncytiotrophoblast after implantation

43
Q

BNP: effect

A
  • vasodilate –> decrease preload

- diuresis

44
Q

polyA tail: fx

A

protect mRNA from degradation in cyto

45
Q

porcelain gallbladder: indicates?

A

chronic cholecystitis

46
Q

cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase: what pathway?

A

bile acid syn –> rate limiting step

47
Q

IL-12 receptor deficiency: at risk for what type of infections? why?

A

severe mycobacterial infect

can’t mount a strong cell-med granulomatous immune response

48
Q

BNP, ANP: MOA

A

activate guanylate cyclase –> increase intracell cGMP

49
Q

what is: pes cavus

A

high foot arches

50
Q

ANP: effect

A
  • vasodilate –> decrease preload

- diuresis

51
Q

Friedreich ataxia: other (non-neuro) features?

A
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • skeletal abnormalities –> kyphoscoliosis, pes cavus
  • DM
52
Q

pulsus paradoxus: often seen in?

A
  • cardiac tamponade
  • constrictive pericarditis
  • severe asthma, COPD
53
Q

Friedreich ataxia: onset

A

childhood, adolescence

54
Q

brain natriuretic peptide: use

A

lab test –> determine if pt is suffering from CHF exacerbation

55
Q

typical cause of injury to obturator N?

A

compression –> ie pelvic trauma, surg, tumor

56
Q

what stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

hypoxemia

57
Q

preg increases risk for what vasc disorder?

A

venous thromboembolic dz

58
Q

how does HCV have such high genetic variability?

A
  • RNApol –> no proofreading 3’–>5’ exonuclease

- envelope glycoprotein seq –> hypervariable region –> prone to freq genetic mutation

59
Q

when is B-hCG detectable in the serum?

A

8 days after fertilization

60
Q

what makes a naive T cell differentiate to a Th1 cell?

A

APC –> macrophage –> IL-12, IFN-gamma

61
Q

IL-12: fx

A

stimulate differentiation of naive T helper cells to TH1

62
Q

Friedreich ataxia: #1 COD

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

63
Q

what does BNP act with?

A

ANP

64
Q

penetrating wound –> just above clavicle, bw midclavicular & lat sternal lines –> leads to?

A

(tension) pneumothorax/hemothorax

65
Q

what produces ANP?

A

atria when they are stretched

66
Q

5a-reductase: rxn

A

testosterone –> dihydrotestosterone

67
Q

COPD: what is the important contributor to the resp drive?

A

hypoxemia (PaO2, low oxygen in blood)

68
Q

inspiration: effect on blood flow

A

increase systemic venous return –> increase R heart vol

69
Q

what is the result of the JAK-STAT pathway?

A

IGF-1 gene transcription

70
Q

Huntington dz: pathophys

A

loss of neurons in caudate nucleus & putamen

71
Q

MDD: duration for dx

A

> 2wk

72
Q

what endogenous subst use the JAK-STAT pathway?

A
  • growth hormone
  • cytokines (IFN)
  • hematopoietic growth factors (erythropoietin, G-CSF)
73
Q

what pts have a blunted response to PaCO2?

A

COPD

74
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors: location?

A

carotid & aortic bodies

75
Q

esophageal SCC: histology

A
  • solid nests of neoplastic squamous cells –> abundant eosinophilic cyto & distinct borders
  • areas of keratinization (keratin pearls)
  • intercell bridges
76
Q

esophageal SCC: presentation

A
  • progressive solid & eventually liq dysphagia

- wt loss

77
Q

what endogenous subst has the same MOA as ANP & BNP?

A

nitric oxide

78
Q

dev milestone: 2yo –> lang

A
  • 50+ word vocab

- 2-word phrases

79
Q

Friedreich ataxia: mode of inheritance

A

AR

80
Q

Huntington dz: clinical manifestation

A
  • progressive demential

- choreiform movements

81
Q

how does preg increase risk of venous thromboembolic dz?

A
  • increase venous stasis
  • endothelial injury (during delivery)
  • hypercoag
82
Q

Th1: fx

A
  • activate macrophages & cytotoxic T cells

- mediate delayed type HSN

83
Q

SJS/TEN: ssx

A

flu-like ssx –> widespread mucocut epidermal necrosis

84
Q

obturator N injury: ssx

A
  • weak thigh adduct

- distal medial thigh –> sensory loss

85
Q

porcelain gallbladder: at risk for?

A

gallbladder adenocarcinoma

86
Q

location: temporal giant cell arteritis vs Takayasu arteritis

A

temporal giant cell arteritis: more distal carotid artery branch involvement

Takayasu arteritis: aorta & proximal aortic arterial branch involvement

87
Q

who?: temporal giant cell arteritis vs Takayasu arteritis

A

temporal giant cell arteritis: >50yo

Takayasu arteritis:

88
Q

what inh chol 7a-hydroxylase?

A

fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)

89
Q

Th2: fx

A
  • activate B cells

- promote class switching

90
Q

when does implantation occur?

A

6-7 days after fertilization at the earliest

91
Q

diffuse atherosclerosis may cause?

A

bilat renal artery stenosis

92
Q

what is responsible for dev of external M genitalia?

A

dihydrotestosterone

93
Q

what senses PaO2?

A

peripheral chemoreceptors

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