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UWorld > 6.10.16 > Flashcards

6.10.16 Flashcards

1
Q

glucose 6-phosphate deH def: pathophys

A

1) pentose phosphate pathway: G6PD –> NADPH
2) reduce glutathione
3) glutathione peroxidase: H2O2 –> H2O

no NADPH –> oxidative damage

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2
Q

G6PD def: ssx

A
  • hemolytic anemia

- jaundice

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3
Q

Heinz bodies: what is, assoc dz

A

oxidized Hb conglomerates

G6PD def

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4
Q

what is: bite cells

A

splenic macrophage –> bite away Heinz bodies in RBC

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5
Q

glutathione reductase: rxn

A

oxidized glutathione + NADPH –> reduced glutathione + NADP

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6
Q

glutathione reductase def: similar to what dz?

A

G6PD def

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7
Q

methacholine challenge: use

A

detect degree of bronchial hyperactivity –> R/O asthma

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8
Q

carpal tunnel synd: motor deficit

A
  • weak thumb abduct, opposition

- thenar atrophy

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9
Q

MHC Class I: struct

A

heavy chain + B2-microglobulin

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10
Q

base excision repair: process

A

1) glycosylase: remv defective base
2) endonuclease & lyase: remv empty sugar-phosphate site
3) DNApol: replace missing nucleotide
4) ligase: seal nick

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11
Q

inflamm leukocyte accumulation: steps

A

1) margination
2) rolling
3) activation
4) tight adhesion & crawling
5) transmigration

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12
Q

what is: PCAM-1

A

protein on intercell jxs of endothelial cells –> neutrophil integrins bind PCAM-1 to transmigrate out of vasc to tissue

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13
Q

thyrotoxicosis –> tx –> BB: MOA

A

1) decrease effect of sympathetic adrenergic impulses on target organs
2) decrease rate of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

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14
Q

what is: VIPoma

A

pancreatic islet cell tumor –> hypersecrete vasoactive intestinal peptide

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15
Q

VIPoma: causes what synd?

A

WDHA synd (pancreatic cholera):

  • watery diarrhea
  • hypoK
  • achlorhydria
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16
Q

VIP: axn

A

1) increase intestinal Cl- loss into stool
2) excess loss of accompanying water, Na, K
3) inh gastric acid secretion

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17
Q

VIPoma: tx

A

somatostatin: inh VIP secretion

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18
Q

what produces holosytolic murmurs?

A
  • mitral regurg
  • tricuspid regurg
  • VSD
19
Q

How do you differentiate bw the holosystolic murmurs?

A
  • MR: radiate to axilla
  • TR: murmur increase w inspiration
  • VSD: loud, accompanied by thrill
20
Q

what happens to blood flow during inspiration?

A
  • intrathoracic pressure drop –> more blood return to R heart
  • increase pulm vessel capacity –> decrease LV venous return
21
Q

what is the center of the airway pressure-vol curve?

A

fxal residual capacity: resting state where airway pressure equals 0

22
Q

what is: fxal residual capacity

A

vol of air remaining in lungs after passive expiration

23
Q

what is the intrapleural pressure at fxal residual capacity?

A

-5cm H2O

24
Q

IVC: formed by what? where?

A

union of R & L common iliac veins at L4-5

25
Q

renal A & V: located at what level of spinal cord?

A

L1

26
Q

IVC: drains what?

A
  • LE
  • portal system
  • abd, pelvic viscera
27
Q

how does CSF exit the 4th ventricle?

A

thru:
- lat foramina of Luschka
- median foramen of Magendie

28
Q

injury to what N causes Trendelenburg sign?

A

sup gluteal N

29
Q

sup gluteal N injury: affects what muscles?

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fascia lata
30
Q

sup gluteal N injury: pts present with what type of gait?

A

gluteus medius gait: lean toward ipsilat side when walking to stabilize pelvis

31
Q

gastric adenocarcinoma: variants?

A

1) intestinal-type

2) diffuse

32
Q

how was intestinal-type gastric adenoCA present?

A
  • solid mass that project into stomach lumen

- lrg, irreg ulcer w heaped up margins

33
Q

diffuse gastric adenoCA: hallmarks

A
  • signet cells

- linitis plastica

34
Q

serotonin is a derivative of what aa?

A

tryptophan

35
Q

serotonin synd: ssx

A
  • confuse
  • agitate
  • tremor
  • tachycardia
  • HTN
  • clonus
  • hyperreflexia
  • hyperthermia
  • diaphoresis
36
Q

serotonin synd: tx

A

cyproheptadine: antihist w anti-serotonin properties

37
Q

what is: Kehr sign

A

referred pain to shoulder d/t phrenic N irritation (C3-5)

38
Q

SLE: CV manifestations

A
  • accelerated atherosclerosis
  • small vessel necrotizing vasculitis
  • pericarditis
  • Libman-Sacks endocarditis
39
Q

Libman-Sacks endocarditis: hallmark

A

small, sterile vegetations on both sides of valve

40
Q

SLE: renal manifestations

A

diffuse prolif glomerulonephritis

41
Q

diffuse prolix glomerulonephritis: hallmark

A

diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls –> light microscopy –> “wire-loop” structures

42
Q

acute interstitial pancreatitis: gross appearance

A
  • focal areas of fat necrosis
  • Ca2+ deposition
  • interstitial edema
43
Q

necrotizing (hemorrhagic) pancreatitis: gross appearance

A
  • chalky-white areas of fat necrosis

- interspersed hemorrhage

44
Q

Kaposi sarcoma: bx findings

A
  • spindle cells
  • neovascularization
  • extravasated RBC

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