Vital signs Flashcards
what unit is blood pressure measured in
milimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
Systole vs. Diastole
systole: max pressure when heart contracts
diastole: min pressure when heart relaxes
cardiac output (CO)
amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 min
stroke volume (SV)
amount of blood ejected by the ventricle during a contraction
equation for cardiac output
CO = SV x HR
peripheral vascular resistance
resistance blood encounters as it flows through the body;
how easily blood can flow through the vessels
what is the efficiency of heart contractility measured by
ejection fraction: blood% ejected with each contraction of the ventricles
preload
amount of blood in the ventricles prior to contraction
afterload
resistance the heart has to eject blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circulation
the correct cuff should encircle what % of the arm
80%
when should orthostatic hypotension bp be measured
1 min and then 3 mins
what is considered orthostatic hypotension in terms of bp change
20mmHg drop in systolic
10mmHg drop in diastolic
where should the apical pulse be in kids older than 7 and adults; compare with those younger than 7
5th intercostal space on the left;
4th intercostal space on the left
pulse deficit
difference between apical pulse and peripheral pulse in 1 min
eupnea
breathing within the exprected range
Cheyne-Stokes
irregular respirations - cycling between shallow and deep, followed by hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations
abnormally deep and rapid breathing
dyspnea
short of breath or difficulty breathing
hypoxia
not enough oxygen supplied to the body tissues
newborn age
28 days ish
infant age
1m - 1yr
toddler age
1 - 3 yr
pre-schooler age
3-6 yrs
school-age
6-12 yrs
adolescent age
12 - 20 yrs
newborn HR
110 - 160
infant HR
90 - 160
toddler HR
80 - 140
pre-schooler HR
70 - 120
school age HR
60 - 110
adolescent HR
50 - 100
adult HR
60 - 100
newborn BR
30 - 60
infant BR
25 - 30
toddler BR
25 - 30
preschooler BR
20 - 25
school age BR
20 - 25
adolescent BR
16 - 20
adult BR
12 - 20
normal BP
less than 120; more than 90
less than 80; more than 60
elevated BP
120-129; less than 80
hypertension stage 1 BP
130-139; 80-89
hypertension stage 2 BP
140 or higher; 90 or higher
hypertensive crisis BP
higher than 180; higher than 120
