Infection Control and Isolation

Question 1

reservoir

Answer 1

habitat of the infectious agent; where it lives, grows, reproduces, and replicates

Question 2

portal of exit

Answer 2

route where the infectious pathogen can leave the reservoir

Question 3

modes of transmission

Answer 3

how the infectious agent moves from place to place

Question 4

direct contact transmission vs. indirect contact transmission

Answer 4

direct: from person to person
indirect: via a contaminated object or person

Question 5

vector-borne transmission

Answer 5

mosquitos or rats/ animals that carry infectious agents

Question 6

nonspecific immunity is maintained by which cells

Answer 6

macrophages and neutrophils

Question 7

specific immunity depends on what

Answer 7

antibodies; immunoglobulins

Question 8

4 basic steps of inflammation are

Answer 8

recognition
activation
release
recruitment

Question 9

infectious vs. noninfectious triggers

Answer 9

infectious: viruses, bacteria, etc.
noninfectious: physical, chemical, biological, psychological

Question 10

5 manifestations of inflammation

Answer 10

heat
loss of function
redness
swelling
pain

Question 11

5 stages of infection

Answer 11

incubation
prodromal
acute illness
period of decline
period of covalescence

Question 12

incubation stage

Answer 12

might not feel symptoms but lab tests show

Question 13

prodromal stage

Answer 13

nonspecific symptoms

Question 14

acute illness

Answer 14

specific symptoms, most severe

Question 15

period of decline

Answer 15

start to get better

Question 16

period of covalescence

Answer 16

healthy again

Question 17

how long should hands be washed for? for alcohol based sanitizers?

Answer 17

15-30secs
same

Question 18

sterilization vs. disinfection

Answer 18

sterilization: all microorganisms are dead
disinfection: almost all microorganisms are dead

Question 19

how far should objects be from the edge of the sterile field

Answer 19

2.5cm or 1 inch

Question 20

how far should the sterile field be from the wall

Answer 20

12 - 18inches

Question 21

where should swab for throat culture

Answer 21

tonsils, tonsillar pillars, or back of the pharyngeal wall

Question 22

c-reactive protein test

Answer 22

check for inflammation

Question 23

troponin test

Answer 23

cardiac specific marker for myocardial injury

Question 24

creatine kinase test

Answer 24

injury to muscle or neurologic disease

Question 25

lactic acid test

Answer 25

tissue hypoxia or severe liver disease