Infection Control and Isolation Flashcards
reservoir
habitat of the infectious agent; where it lives, grows, reproduces, and replicates
portal of exit
route where the infectious pathogen can leave the reservoir
modes of transmission
how the infectious agent moves from place to place
direct contact transmission vs. indirect contact transmission
direct: from person to person
indirect: via a contaminated object or person
vector-borne transmission
mosquitos or rats/ animals that carry infectious agents
nonspecific immunity is maintained by which cells
macrophages and neutrophils
specific immunity depends on what
antibodies; immunoglobulins
4 basic steps of inflammation are
recognition
activation
release
recruitment
infectious vs. noninfectious triggers
infectious: viruses, bacteria, etc.
noninfectious: physical, chemical, biological, psychological
5 manifestations of inflammation
heat
loss of function
redness
swelling
pain
5 stages of infection
incubation
prodromal
acute illness
period of decline
period of covalescence
incubation stage
might not feel symptoms but lab tests show
prodromal stage
nonspecific symptoms
acute illness
specific symptoms, most severe
period of decline
start to get better
period of covalescence
healthy again
how long should hands be washed for? for alcohol based sanitizers?
15-30secs
same
sterilization vs. disinfection
sterilization: all microorganisms are dead
disinfection: almost all microorganisms are dead
how far should objects be from the edge of the sterile field
2.5cm or 1 inch
how far should the sterile field be from the wall
12 - 18inches
where should swab for throat culture
tonsils, tonsillar pillars, or back of the pharyngeal wall
c-reactive protein test
check for inflammation
troponin test
cardiac specific marker for myocardial injury
creatine kinase test
injury to muscle or neurologic disease
lactic acid test
tissue hypoxia or severe liver disease
