Nutrition Lecture Flashcards
what are some
physiological factors that affect nutrition
- get and prepare food
- knowledge
- swallowing ability
- comfort before and after eating
- anorexia
- N&V
- low nutrient but dense calories foods make more hungry
list factors that affect
our ability to ingest nutrients
- GI: inflammation, obstruction, malabsorption, immobility
- Diabetes
define
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
number of calories our body burn as it performs basic functions
name some factors that can
increase & decrease our basal metabolic rate
- Increase: more muscle mass, increased exercise, hyperthyroidsm, stress
- Decrease: eating less food, increase in age, lack of sleep, hypothyroidsm
how do
female vs. male BMR
Males have higher BMR
decreased testosterone with age, leading to less muscle mass
be careful giving Fe supplements to older men as they can’t excrete properly
Between pregnant and lactating women which requires more nutrients
breastfeeding women require more nutrients
Assessment questions to ask for
subjective data
- current and past health history
- intake info
- weight history
- medications
- other info
Assessment questions to ask for
objective data
- Observations
- anthropometric measurements
- calorie count
- swallowing evaluation if required
- diagnostic tests and procedures
what are cholesterol and triglycerides lab tests indication of
heart disease
core problem from excessive sugar intake
creatinine lab tells you what
kidney fxn where it breaks down creatine in the muscles
high lvls means decreased kidney fxn
GIVE me the NUMBER
level of albumin that would mean nutritional deficits
low albumin means what
< 3.5 g/dL
not enough protein in the blood plasma
can be due to kidney or liver disease, inflammation, or infections
carbohydrates: ? cal/g
Give a NUMBER
4 cal/g
carbs should be what percentage of your daily diet
major food sources?
47%
milk, grains, fruits, vegetables
protein: ? cal/g
Give a NUMBER
4 cal/g
list some functions of protein
inadequate protein means what to other nutrients
- energy
- build & repair tissue
- regulate fluid & acid/base balance
- produce antibodies, enzymes, hormones
severe wasting of fat and muscle tissue
fats: ? cal/g
9 cal/g
list some functions of fats
- store energy
- allow absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
- sensory appeal & flavor
what that vitamin do
metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs
regulate body functions
List the fat-soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
deficiency of vitamin A
functions
night blindness
dry skin infection
anorexia????
eye irritation
cell growth, healthy skin & hair & tissue, vision in dim light
sources of vitamin A foods
dark green and yellow vegetables & yellow fruits
deficiency in vitamin D
function
rickets (in kids - bow legs)
muscle weakeness
osteomalacia (bones soften)
absorption of Ca
source of vitamin D foods
fortified milk, cheese
eggs
liver
salmon
fortified margarine
deficiency in vitamin E
function
neurologic deficits
antioxidant to fight free radicals
sources with vitamin E foods
margarine/veg. oil (soybean, corn, safflower, cottonseed)
wheat germ
green leafy vegetables
deficiency in vitamin K
function
increased bleeding
blood clot
sources of vitamin K foods
dark green leafy vegetables
organ meats
dairy products
deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine)
function
fatigue
nervous
irritability
paresthesias (abnormal sensations - numbness, pricks)
energy metabolism, nervous system function
foods rich in vitamin B1 (thiamine)
whole grains
soybeans, peas
liver, kidney
lean pork
legumes
seeds, nuts
deficiency in vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
function
bloodshot eyes
abnormal sensitivity to light
itching & burning of the eyes
energy metabolism, building tissue, good vision
foods rich with riboflavin (vit B2)
dairy products
lean meats
chicken, fish
grains
broccoli, turnip greens, asparagus, spinach
deficiency in vitamin B3 (niacin)
function
increased cholesterol/triglycerides
neurological impairments
energy metabolism, digestion, nervous system, reduces cholesterol
food rich in niacin (vit B3)
lean meats, liver, chicken, salmon
milk, leafy green vegs
deficiency in vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
function
neurologic issues
megaloblastic anemia
build proteins, RBCs, nervous system
foods rich in cobalamin (vit B12)
liver, kidney
dairy products
fish, clam, oyster, salmon, sardines
deficiency in folic acid
function
megaloblastic anemia
fatigue
forgetfulness
digestion, RBC development, fetal development
food rich in folic acid
liver
yeast
dark green leafy vegs
legumes
some fruits
deficiency in vit C
function
bleeding gums, loose teeth
poor wound healing, scurvy
antioxidant, form collagen, increase Fe absorption
food source of vitamin C
fresh vegetables and fruits
carbohydrates relationship with insulin
simple carbs (high glycemic index) -> insulin spikes
high levels insulin -> slow metabolism
complex carbs (low gi) -> even insulin lvls
carbohydrates relationship with water
1 g of carbs will cause 3oz of water gain
what is bland diet
BRAT diet
low fiber, low fat
no spicy foods, alcohol, coffee
soft, easy to digest
bananas, rice, applesauce, toast
what are the characteristics of intake of nutrients > metabolic needs
body weight > 20% than ideal
triceps skin fold > 15mm(F) 25(M)
what are the characteristics of intake of nutrients < metabolic needs
body weight < 20% than ideal
weight loss
lack of interest
total energy expenditure
includes which factors
basal metabolism
digestion: takes energy
physical activity
what does a high glycemic index mean
rapidly absorbed blood sugar
