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NURS120 > Nutrition Lecture > Flashcards

Nutrition Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what are some

physiological factors that affect nutrition

A
  • get and prepare food
  • knowledge
  • swallowing ability
  • comfort before and after eating
  • anorexia
  • N&V
  • low nutrient but dense calories foods make more hungry
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2
Q

list factors that affect

our ability to ingest nutrients

A
  • GI: inflammation, obstruction, malabsorption, immobility
  • Diabetes
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3
Q

define

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

number of calories our body burn as it performs basic functions

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4
Q

name some factors that can

increase & decrease our basal metabolic rate

A
  • Increase: more muscle mass, increased exercise, hyperthyroidsm, stress
  • Decrease: eating less food, increase in age, lack of sleep, hypothyroidsm
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5
Q

how do

female vs. male BMR

A

Males have higher BMR

decreased testosterone with age, leading to less muscle mass

be careful giving Fe supplements to older men as they can’t excrete properly

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6
Q

Between pregnant and lactating women which requires more nutrients

A

breastfeeding women require more nutrients

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7
Q

Assessment questions to ask for

subjective data

A
  • current and past health history
  • intake info
  • weight history
  • medications
  • other info
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8
Q

Assessment questions to ask for

objective data

A
  • Observations
  • anthropometric measurements
  • calorie count
  • swallowing evaluation if required
  • diagnostic tests and procedures
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9
Q

what are cholesterol and triglycerides lab tests indication of

A

heart disease

core problem from excessive sugar intake

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10
Q

creatinine lab tells you what

A

kidney fxn where it breaks down creatine in the muscles

high lvls means decreased kidney fxn

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11
Q

GIVE me the NUMBER

level of albumin that would mean nutritional deficits

low albumin means what

A

< 3.5 g/dL

not enough protein in the blood plasma

can be due to kidney or liver disease, inflammation, or infections

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12
Q

carbohydrates: ? cal/g

Give a NUMBER

A

4 cal/g

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13
Q

carbs should be what percentage of your daily diet

major food sources?

A

47%

milk, grains, fruits, vegetables

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14
Q

protein: ? cal/g

Give a NUMBER

A

4 cal/g

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15
Q

list some functions of protein

inadequate protein means what to other nutrients

A
  • energy
  • build & repair tissue
  • regulate fluid & acid/base balance
  • produce antibodies, enzymes, hormones

severe wasting of fat and muscle tissue

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16
Q

fats: ? cal/g

A

9 cal/g

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17
Q

list some functions of fats

A
  • store energy
  • allow absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
  • sensory appeal & flavor
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18
Q

what that vitamin do

A

metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs
regulate body functions

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19
Q

List the fat-soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

20
Q

deficiency of vitamin A

functions

A

night blindness
dry skin infection
anorexia????
eye irritation

cell growth, healthy skin & hair & tissue, vision in dim light

21
Q

sources of vitamin A foods

A

dark green and yellow vegetables & yellow fruits

22
Q

deficiency in vitamin D

function

A

rickets (in kids - bow legs)
muscle weakeness
osteomalacia (bones soften)

absorption of Ca

23
Q

source of vitamin D foods

A

fortified milk, cheese
eggs
liver
salmon
fortified margarine

24
Q

deficiency in vitamin E

function

A

neurologic deficits

antioxidant to fight free radicals

25
Q

sources with vitamin E foods

A

margarine/veg. oil (soybean, corn, safflower, cottonseed)
wheat germ
green leafy vegetables

26
Q

deficiency in vitamin K

function

A

increased bleeding

blood clot

27
Q

sources of vitamin K foods

A

dark green leafy vegetables
organ meats
dairy products

28
Q

deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine)

function

A

fatigue
nervous
irritability
paresthesias (abnormal sensations - numbness, pricks)

energy metabolism, nervous system function

29
Q

foods rich in vitamin B1 (thiamine)

A

whole grains
soybeans, peas
liver, kidney
lean pork
legumes
seeds, nuts

30
Q

deficiency in vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

function

A

bloodshot eyes
abnormal sensitivity to light
itching & burning of the eyes

energy metabolism, building tissue, good vision

31
Q

foods rich with riboflavin (vit B2)

A

dairy products
lean meats
chicken, fish
grains
broccoli, turnip greens, asparagus, spinach

32
Q

deficiency in vitamin B3 (niacin)

function

A

increased cholesterol/triglycerides
neurological impairments

energy metabolism, digestion, nervous system, reduces cholesterol

33
Q

food rich in niacin (vit B3)

A

lean meats, liver, chicken, salmon
milk, leafy green vegs

34
Q

deficiency in vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

function

A

neurologic issues
megaloblastic anemia

build proteins, RBCs, nervous system

35
Q

foods rich in cobalamin (vit B12)

A

liver, kidney
dairy products
fish, clam, oyster, salmon, sardines

36
Q

deficiency in folic acid

function

A

megaloblastic anemia
fatigue
forgetfulness

digestion, RBC development, fetal development

37
Q

food rich in folic acid

A

liver
yeast
dark green leafy vegs
legumes
some fruits

38
Q

deficiency in vit C

function

A

bleeding gums, loose teeth
poor wound healing, scurvy

antioxidant, form collagen, increase Fe absorption

39
Q

food source of vitamin C

A

fresh vegetables and fruits

40
Q

carbohydrates relationship with insulin

A

simple carbs (high glycemic index) -> insulin spikes
high levels insulin -> slow metabolism
complex carbs (low gi) -> even insulin lvls

41
Q

carbohydrates relationship with water

A

1 g of carbs will cause 3oz of water gain

42
Q

what is bland diet

BRAT diet

A

low fiber, low fat
no spicy foods, alcohol, coffee
soft, easy to digest

bananas, rice, applesauce, toast

43
Q

what are the characteristics of intake of nutrients > metabolic needs

A

body weight > 20% than ideal
triceps skin fold > 15mm(F) 25(M)

44
Q

what are the characteristics of intake of nutrients < metabolic needs

A

body weight < 20% than ideal
weight loss
lack of interest

45
Q

total energy expenditure

includes which factors

A

basal metabolism
digestion: takes energy
physical activity

46
Q

what does a high glycemic index mean

A

rapidly absorbed blood sugar

NURS120 (38 decks)

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