Intro to pharmacology

Question 1

bioavailability

Answer 1

drug available after it has been passed through the liver

Question 2

first pass effect

Answer 2

drugs may not be effective since it has been absorbed through the liver

Question 3

which organ is responsible for most of the metabolism of drugs in the body

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

biotransformation

Answer 4

drug is chemically altered during metabolism

Question 5

what is the altered drug called after it has been biotransformed

Answer 5

metabolite

Question 6

drug half-life

Answer 6

time it takes for the drug to enter the body to decrease amount by half

Question 7

onset of action

Answer 7

time it takes for the drug to work (but not fully)

Question 8

peak effect

Answer 8

drug works fully

Question 9

duration of action

Answer 9

the amount of time the drug works without additional doses

Question 10

peak vs trough level

Answer 10

peak is its highest level vs. trough is the lowest level

Question 11

pharmacodynamics

Answer 11

biochemical changes in the body as result of taking the drug

Question 12

therapeutic vs adverse

Answer 12

therapeutic are the intended effects
adverse are the unintended effects

Question 13

agonists

Answer 13

drugs that bind with a receptor and precipitate a greater than typical response

Question 14

antagonists

Answer 14

drugs that bind with a receptor and block or precipitate less than a typical response

Question 15

competitive vs noncompetitive antagnoists

Answer 15

competitive: compete with an agonist for receptor sites; won’t completely block
noncompetitive: block the receptor; can completely block

Question 16

drug that stops histamine release

Answer 16

diphenhydramine

Question 17

what does epinephrine do

Answer 17

increase bp

Question 18

what are factors to consider when giving drugs to children

Answer 18

body surface area
age
weight
drug properties

Question 19

inducing agents

Answer 19

drugs that increase the metabolism of drugs they are combined with -> reducing efficacy

Question 20

teratogenic drugs can induce what

Answer 20

birth defects in pregnant women

Question 21

additive effect

Answer 21

2 or more drugs given at the same time and have similar actions; achieve results with lower dosages

Question 22

pharmacologic action

Answer 22

mechanism of action of a drug to achieve a desired effect

Question 23

paradoxical effect

Answer 23

opposite of the intended or desired effect of the drug

Question 24

precautions part of the drug handbook shows what

Answer 24

diseases or clinical situations in which drug use involves particular risks or dosage modification; ex: client’s condition or age