sleep & rest Flashcards
difference between rest vs. sleep
sleep: altered consciousness; less aware and responsive; whole body
rest: decreased motor/cognitive response; parts of body
stages of sleep from start to finish
NREM 1-4
then 3-2
REM
NREM 2
stage 1 NREM
super light sleep
eye movement & muscle activity slow
stage 2 NREM
prepare for deeper sleep
brain waves slow with bursts of activity - sleep spindles
brief delta waves (k-complex)
stage 3 NREM
slow-wave sleep/deep sleep; DELTA waves
tissue repair, gorwth, release hormones etc. healthy immune
REM sleep
muscles paralyzed during dreams;
heart rate & BP increase
for cognitive fxn, memory consolidation, emotional regulation, learning (more brain activity)
serotonin function in sleep
decrease reticular activating system (RAS) to allow sleep
reticular activating system (RAS)
process sensory info and relays to cerebral cortex and decides we sleep or not;
circadian clock; what to focus on/what’s important
melatonin
help control circadian rhythms
less in elderly
foods that promote sleep
complex carbs
lean proteins
medications that interferes with sleep
beta blockers (antidysrhythmics) -> insomnia
anti-depressants -> insomnia
corticosteroids -> insomnia
antihistamins -> disrupt REM, next day drowsiness, more awakenings
stimulants/sedatives
alcohol
insomnia is defined as
difficulty sleeping or staying asleep
narcolepsy is defined as
short, can’t not fall asleep suddenly when awake at frequent intervals
amphetimines & stimulants to stay awake
symptoms of narcolepsy
hypnagogic hallucinations: vivid
cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle control
sleep paralysis
REM periods quicker than normal
sleep apnea types
obstructive
central
mix
what is somnambulism
sleep walking
what is enuresis
nocturnal bed wetting
what is bruxism
grind teeth
pavor nocturnes
sleep terror; panic
jactatio capitis nocturna
rhythmic head banging
sedative vs. hypnotic
sedative: reduce nervousness, irritability, etc
hypnotic: induce sleep
abruptly stopping barbiturates would cause what
rebound insomnia
top cause of short-term sleep distrubance
emotional stress
most important factor to be aware of for someone that sleep walks
install gates to block them
most common manisfestation of narcolepsy is
excessive daytime sleepiness
what are some symptoms of sleep deprivation
slow reflexes
loss of fine motor control
blurred vision
cardiac dysrhythmias
obstructive sleep apnea cause
oral structures relax during sleep and block the flow of air;
central sleep apnea cause
reduction in brain signal to respiratory muscles
cerebral cortex function
learning, memory, language;
injurty causes difficulty expressing
diencephalon includes what 3 parts
thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
hypothalamus vs. thalamus
hypothalamus: regulate autonomic nervous system & circadian rhythm
thalamus: regulates sleep and process sensory info; block out external distractions during sleep
sleep-wake homeostasis
helps the body to remember to sleep
depending on sleep deprivation
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) function and locale
in the hypothalamus and responsible for circadian rhythm
brainstem function
autonomic stuff; influence REM sleep
signals to relax muscles and not move during sleep
pineal gland function
produce melatonin
alpha vs. beta waves from EEG
alpha: awake but relaxed
beta: alertness
wake stage has which waves
alpha & beta
which stage of sleep takes most of the night
stage 2 NREM takes 50% as it gets longer with each cycle
how does stage 3 NREM sleep & REM stage change with age
Stage 3 decreases and get replaced by stage 2
fewer stage 4 REM cycles
REM sleep has which waves
beta waves
rank the percentage of sleep stage from most to least
stage 2 < stage 4REM < stage 3 < stage 1
infants less than 3 months old mostly consist of which sleep cycle
REM stage 50%
apnea vs. hypopnea
diff of 10 secs
hypopnea is longer than 10 secs and decreased O2 sat
narcolepsy type 1 vs. 2
1: with cataplexy - lack hypocretin (maintian alertness in hypothalamus)
2: without cataplexy
what is hypersomnia
excessive daytime fatigue w/o improvement after sleep
how is obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed
polysomnography
common cause of obstructive sleep apnea
opioid overdose
heart failure
what happens if you wake someone up during stage 3 NREM sleep
cloudiness for 30-60mins
side effects of OTC sleep medications
urinary retention
daytime drowsiness
dry mouth
visual disturbances
constipation
ghrelin vs. leptin hormone
ghrelin: hungry
leptin: hunger-reducing
side effect of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
hallucinations
gastric discomfort
hypocretin function
promote REM sleep; secreted by hypothalamus
