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NURS120 > sleep & rest > Flashcards

sleep & rest Flashcards

1
Q

difference between rest vs. sleep

A

sleep: altered consciousness; less aware and responsive; whole body
rest: decreased motor/cognitive response; parts of body

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2
Q

stages of sleep from start to finish

A

NREM 1-4
then 3-2
REM
NREM 2

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3
Q

stage 1 NREM

A

super light sleep
eye movement & muscle activity slow

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4
Q

stage 2 NREM

A

prepare for deeper sleep
brain waves slow with bursts of activity - sleep spindles
brief delta waves (k-complex)

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5
Q

stage 3 NREM

A

slow-wave sleep/deep sleep; DELTA waves
tissue repair, gorwth, release hormones etc. healthy immune

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6
Q

REM sleep

A

muscles paralyzed during dreams;
heart rate & BP increase
for cognitive fxn, memory consolidation, emotional regulation, learning (more brain activity)

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7
Q

serotonin function in sleep

A

decrease reticular activating system (RAS) to allow sleep

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8
Q

reticular activating system (RAS)

A

process sensory info and relays to cerebral cortex and decides we sleep or not;
circadian clock; what to focus on/what’s important

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9
Q

melatonin

A

help control circadian rhythms
less in elderly

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10
Q

foods that promote sleep

A

complex carbs
lean proteins

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11
Q

medications that interferes with sleep

A

beta blockers (antidysrhythmics) -> insomnia
anti-depressants -> insomnia
corticosteroids -> insomnia
antihistamins -> disrupt REM, next day drowsiness, more awakenings
stimulants/sedatives
alcohol

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12
Q

insomnia is defined as

A

difficulty sleeping or staying asleep

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13
Q

narcolepsy is defined as

A

short, can’t not fall asleep suddenly when awake at frequent intervals
amphetimines & stimulants to stay awake

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14
Q

symptoms of narcolepsy

A

hypnagogic hallucinations: vivid
cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle control
sleep paralysis
REM periods quicker than normal

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15
Q

sleep apnea types

A

obstructive
central
mix

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16
Q

what is somnambulism

A

sleep walking

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17
Q

what is enuresis

A

nocturnal bed wetting

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18
Q

what is bruxism

A

grind teeth

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19
Q

pavor nocturnes

A

sleep terror; panic

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20
Q

jactatio capitis nocturna

A

rhythmic head banging

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21
Q

sedative vs. hypnotic

A

sedative: reduce nervousness, irritability, etc
hypnotic: induce sleep

22
Q

abruptly stopping barbiturates would cause what

A

rebound insomnia

23
Q

top cause of short-term sleep distrubance

A

emotional stress

24
Q

most important factor to be aware of for someone that sleep walks

A

install gates to block them

25
Q

most common manisfestation of narcolepsy is

A

excessive daytime sleepiness

26
Q

what are some symptoms of sleep deprivation

A

slow reflexes
loss of fine motor control
blurred vision
cardiac dysrhythmias

27
Q

obstructive sleep apnea cause

A

oral structures relax during sleep and block the flow of air;

28
Q

central sleep apnea cause

A

reduction in brain signal to respiratory muscles

29
Q

cerebral cortex function

A

learning, memory, language;
injurty causes difficulty expressing

30
Q

diencephalon includes what 3 parts

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

31
Q

hypothalamus vs. thalamus

A

hypothalamus: regulate autonomic nervous system & circadian rhythm
thalamus: regulates sleep and process sensory info; block out external distractions during sleep

32
Q

sleep-wake homeostasis

A

helps the body to remember to sleep
depending on sleep deprivation

33
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) function and locale

A

in the hypothalamus and responsible for circadian rhythm

34
Q

brainstem function

A

autonomic stuff; influence REM sleep
signals to relax muscles and not move during sleep

35
Q

pineal gland function

A

produce melatonin

36
Q

alpha vs. beta waves from EEG

A

alpha: awake but relaxed
beta: alertness

37
Q

wake stage has which waves

A

alpha & beta

38
Q

which stage of sleep takes most of the night

A

stage 2 NREM takes 50% as it gets longer with each cycle

39
Q

how does stage 3 NREM sleep & REM stage change with age

A

Stage 3 decreases and get replaced by stage 2
fewer stage 4 REM cycles

40
Q

REM sleep has which waves

A

beta waves

41
Q

rank the percentage of sleep stage from most to least

A

stage 2 < stage 4REM < stage 3 < stage 1

42
Q

infants less than 3 months old mostly consist of which sleep cycle

A

REM stage 50%

43
Q

apnea vs. hypopnea

A

diff of 10 secs
hypopnea is longer than 10 secs and decreased O2 sat

44
Q

narcolepsy type 1 vs. 2

A

1: with cataplexy - lack hypocretin (maintian alertness in hypothalamus)
2: without cataplexy

45
Q

what is hypersomnia

A

excessive daytime fatigue w/o improvement after sleep

46
Q

how is obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed

A

polysomnography

47
Q

common cause of obstructive sleep apnea

A

opioid overdose
heart failure

48
Q

what happens if you wake someone up during stage 3 NREM sleep

A

cloudiness for 30-60mins

49
Q

side effects of OTC sleep medications

A

urinary retention
daytime drowsiness
dry mouth
visual disturbances
constipation

50
Q

ghrelin vs. leptin hormone

A

ghrelin: hungry
leptin: hunger-reducing

51
Q

side effect of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

A

hallucinations
gastric discomfort

52
Q

hypocretin function

A

promote REM sleep; secreted by hypothalamus

NURS120 (38 decks)

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