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NURS120 > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage

A

flexible C.T that coats bony areas, allows gliding and absorbs shock

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2
Q

tendon

A

nonflexible fibrous C.T that attaches muscle to bone

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3
Q

ligament

A

flexible C.T that attaches bone to bone

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4
Q

3 main functions of skeletal muscle

A

movement
posture and positioning
generate body heat

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5
Q

5 functions of the skeletal system

A

support
protect
produce: red bone marrow
storage: Ca, P, Mg, Fe, lipids
movement

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6
Q

proprioception

A

feedback from sensory receptors to coordinate, balance, and fine-tune body positioning and movement

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7
Q

synovial joints

A

fluid-filled capsules that connect bones and enable movement

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8
Q

body mechanics

A

musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain posture, alignment, and balance

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9
Q

where is the center of gravity while standing

A

just below the umbilicus

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10
Q

how does center of gravity change to improve stability and balance

A

lower and closest to the base; spreading the feet shoulder-width and flexing the knees

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11
Q

ergonomics

A

study of body mechanics in relation to the demand and design of the work environment

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12
Q

3 risk factors at work

A

practice controls: lighting, noise, exposure to heat/cold
physical characteristics: posture, repetition, time
environmental hazards: mental/physical stress, falls, slips

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13
Q

disuse osteoporosis; what does it lead to

A

bones become thinner and weaker due to prolonged bed rest; leads to fragility fractures

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14
Q

sarcopenia; affects where first

A

loss of lean muscle mass; twitch fibers in voluntary muscles; affects lower extremities first; affected by aging

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15
Q

joint contractures

A

abnormal fixation of a joint due to changes in muscles and connective tissue

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16
Q

foot drop

A

joint contracture resulting in partial or total inability to pull the toes up toward the head (dorsiflexion)

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17
Q

how many days of bedrest before structures start to change

A

4 days

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18
Q

cardiac deconditioning

A

atrophy of the heart muscle: less blood being ejected during contraction

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19
Q

orthostatic hypotension guidelines

A

decrease in systolic 20mmHg or more;
decrease in diastolic 10mmHg or more within 3 mins of changing positions

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20
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

blood clot (thrombus) develops in one or more of the deep veins, usually in arms, pelvis, thighs, or lower legs

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21
Q

DVT could lead to which 3 conditions

A

pulmonary embolism
stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
myocardial infarction

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22
Q

what can occur from shallow breathing due to long term supine position

A

atelectasis: partial or complete collapse of lung
pneumonia: infection

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23
Q

how are GI tracts affected by prolonged bed rest

A

malnutrition
decreased sensation for bowel movement-> constipation
gastroesophageal reflux

24
Q

how are genitourinary system affected by prolonged bed rest

A

urinary retention
renal calculi due to incomplete drainage of the kidneys; leading to UTI

25
Q

self concept

A

belief one holds regarding their qualities and attributes formed through experiences

26
Q

how often should joints be moved

A

q8hrs

27
Q

how often should client’s position and posture for body alignment be checked

A

q2hrs

28
Q

how often should clients be repositioned

A

q2hrs

29
Q

what type of diet can help prevent skin breakdown

A

high-protein meals and shakes

30
Q

kyphosis

A

outward curvature of the thoracic area of the spine; pelvis tilted forward; most commonly in older females from weakening and breakage of the vertebra

31
Q

Timed Up & Go (TUG) assessment

A

stand up from seated position, ambulate 10ft, and back. Longer than 12secs increased risk of falling

32
Q

standardized mobility assessment tool (MAT)

A

lvl 4: no assist
lvl 1: max assist

33
Q

Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale

A

lvl 6: effortless
lvl 20: max effort
subjective
target 12-14

34
Q

when should basic ambulation skills be developed during infancy

A

around 1 year

35
Q

fine-tuning of gait is achieved around when during childhood

A

5-7yrs old

36
Q

what level of the cane should be relative to the body;elbow degrees

A

by the inner wrist when relaxed hands at side
15-30 degrees angle

37
Q

crutches should be at what level

A

axilla: crutch pads 1-2 inches below
hand grips at hips

38
Q

5 factors to consider with assistive devices

A

body size and shape
level of cooperation
mental function
physical disabilities
health-related conditions and equipment

39
Q

max assist

A

extend arm
sit by self on edge of bed for at least 2 mins

40
Q

moderate assist

A

feet on floor
extend leg, flex ankle and point toes

41
Q

minimal assist

A

rise self from seated position w/assisted device
stand for at least 5 secs

42
Q

crutches are used for

A

upper arm strength strong; younger clients

43
Q

walker used for

A

lower extremity weakness

44
Q

pivot disc used for

A

can stand but hard to move feet to a chair

45
Q

abduction vs. adduction

A

abduction: away from midline
adduction: towards midline

46
Q

pronation vs. supination

A

pronation: face backward
supination: face forward

47
Q

inversion vs. eversion

A

inversion: turn inward
eversion: turn outward

48
Q

all adults should do moderate intense aerobic activities for how long

A

150mins per week
30mins per day, 5 days a week

49
Q

what position for a client with pneumonia and want to increase postural drainage

A

prone, face to side;abdomen flat down

50
Q

occupational therapist

A

assist with ADL

51
Q

what position to prevent atelectasis

A

fowler’s

52
Q

how should a client move with a walker

A

walker first
step with weaker leg

53
Q

damage with skin intact

A

redder in color, firmness, skin unopened

54
Q

damage into skin layer

A

wound lighter in color, temperature diff, intact/open blister

55
Q

damage beyond the skin layer

A

wound open, granulation

56
Q

muscle tone - flaccidity vs. spasticity

A

flaccidity: decreased tone
spasticity: increased tone

57
Q

urinary stasis

A

decreased urge to void;
difficult to relax sitting up

NURS120 (38 decks)

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